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Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation in a manner that protects human health and the environment are key development and welfare issues. Water resources vary greatly throughout Europe and within regions, and future water availability is likely to be influenced by a number of factors including climate change, especially in coastal areas. This joint report by the European Environment Agency and the World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe highlights the state of Europe's water resources, their health implications, and policy initiatives to address these issues. Aspects considered include: drinking and recreational water quality; health impacts such as waterborne diseases and sanitation; irrigation, industrial and agricultural practices; and water pollution.
All over the world countries struggle with water stress. Problems vary from water scarcity and a degrading water quality, to floods and a rising sea level due to climate change. The European Union adopted a Water Framework Directive to improve the sustainability of water management in its member states. Water management should be coordinated at the level of river basins as a whole. Interests of various user groups should be better represented. River basin visions should take into account the impact of all human activities on the status of the resource. Water legislation needs streamlining and more focus on its implementation. The European Union advocates regulating water prices by charging the costs of water services on the basis of full cost recovery and the polluter pays principle. This book examines the development of water management in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Italy and Switzerland. It is based on the European research project EUWARENESS. The authors apply a theoretical framework for the analysis of institutional regimes, water governance and property rights. The evolution of national water resource regimes is described over a period of almost 200 years (1800-2000). The long-term perspective enables the reader to see the conditions under which regime transformation and paradigm change are made possible. The book also includes a critical analysis of policy making by the European Union, and a comparative review and analysis of regime development in the six countries involved. This book is followed by another volume published with Kluwer Academic Publishers on "Integrated Governance and Water Basin Management", edited by Hans Bressers and Stefan Kuks.
Agricultural pollution (with nitrates and pesticides) is one of the biggest threats to drinking water resources. At many places regional and local water authorities, together with the water supply industry, are involved in preventive action aimed at farming practices. Three national case studies (Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) analyse these efforts within the context of problematical national agricultural policy and the need to implement EU directives on water quality. Additional case studies cover the role of the European Union, while the same problem in a different setting is analysed for the United States. The central question of how national and European governments can reinforce the control capacity of the actors at the regional and local level, is treated from the theoretical perspective of the policy network approach.
Recoge: 1.A right to a clean environment and community law -- 2.Community environmental policy -- 3. The single european act and environmental protectionn -- 4. The community, the environment and regional policy -- 5. Participation of environmental organisations in the activities of the community -- 6. The elaboration of community environmental legislation -- 7. The effect of community environmental directives on the member states -- 8.Community environmental law and unilateral action by member states -- 9. Monitoring and enforcement of community environmental legislation -- 10. The individual's right of complaint on environmental matters in community law -- 11. The "polluters pays" principle in community law. The interpretation of article 130r of the E.E.E.C. Teatry -- 12.Compensation for disaster damage and community law -- 13. The open society, its lawyer and its environment -- 14. Directive 90/313 on the freedom of access to information on the environment : origins and prospects for implementation
In this second edition of a landmark book, author Robin Craig explores the structural implications for water quality regulation when the primary federal statute for regulating water quality--the Clean Water Act--operates in a context complicated by a variety of constitutional requirements and dictates.This new edition thoroughly updates the first edition, particularly in areas where the Supreme Court has issued significant new decisions. For example, it includes discussions of the Court's 2006 decision in Rapanos v. United States plus the important recent developments in Commerce Clause jurisprudence. Other noteworthy additions include Clean Water Act takings jurisprudence, new discussions of "increased risk" as a basis for citizen suit standing, and the issue of state citizen suit standing after Massachusetts v. EPA.
This first Life Focus publication presents numerous examples of projects dealing with water, carried out under Life-Environment and of Life-Nature. The presentation of projects, first-hand descriptions or reports from the field are intended to show the reader that the protection of water is a matter for us all. This brochure reflects the efforts of many players in the field, in all four corners of Europe, to find solutions that will provide future generations with the water resources they need.
This site attempts to provide further information on the different pieces of water legislation (and related policies) in the European Community which contribute to a major part that clean water in sufficient quantity becomes a reality all over Europe. The website offers several full text documents, i.e. water framework directive, nitrates directive and other water related directives.