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"The new book Mapping Ecosystem Services provides a comprehensive collection of theories, methods and practical applications of ecosystem services (ES) mapping, for the first time bringing together valuable knowledge and techniques from leading international experts in the field." (www.eurekalert.org).
This volume considers current and future challenges for nature law and policy in Europe. Following the Fitness Check evaluation of the Birds and Habitats Directives, in 2017 the EU adopted an Action Plan for nature, people and the economy to rapidly improve the Directives’ implementation and accelerate progress towards the EU's biodiversity targets for 2020. More recently, the EU has adopted a Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and proposed an EU Nature Restoration Law. This book makes a timely contribution by examining the current state of play in light of recent and historical developments, as well as the post-2020 nature law and policy landscape. While evidence suggests that Natura 2000 and the Habitats and Birds Directives have delivered conservation benefits for wildlife in Europe, biodiversity loss continues apace. The book reviews the requirements for an effective international nature conservation system, with reference to the Birds and Habitats Directives. It examines regulatory regimes, current legal issues in the fields of site protection and species protection, the protection of areas outside Natura 2000, recent developments in the EU and the UK, including the implications of Brexit, agriculture and nature conservation, litigation, science and access to justice. Written by leading experts in the field, from a range of stakeholder groups, the volume draws on diverse experiences as well as providing interdisciplinary perspectives. This volume will be essential reading for students, scholars, practitioners, NGOs and policy-makers interested in European environmental policy and law, including for example lawyers, ecologists, environmental scientists, political scientists, natural resource managers, planners and civil servants.
The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 sets out a truly ambitious and far-reaching programme of measures to halt and reverse biodiversity loss in the EU and across the globe. The challenge ahead is daunting and our ambition high, but it is actually not a matter of choice: halting biodiversity loss is a necessity for a stable future on this planet, and a socioeconomic imperative to deliver the European Green Deal. In preparing the EU Biodiversity Strategy we drew on a vast amount of scientific evidence on biodiversity loss, especially the landmark 2019 IPBES report, and evidence is growing by the day. The 2020 'State of Nature in the EU' report found that 81% of EU protected habitats and 63% of EU protected species are in "poor" or "bad" conservation status. Overall, Europe's protected habitats and species continue to decline at an alarming rate because the multiple pressures they face are simply too great to enable their recovery. Without decisive action, this continued loss will have massive economic repercussions. The latest studies confirm that over half of global GDP is dependent on high-functioning biodiversity and ecosystem services and that globally, one fifth of countries are at risk of their ecosystems collapsing, compromising food security, clean water and air, and flood protection. This is why the EU Biodiversity Strategy is now a central element of both the EU Green Deal and the EU Recovery Plan. Its ambitious targets for nature protection and restoration should lead to a better balance between nature and economic activities, contributing to a transformational change that will filter through to all parts of society, ensuring the health and prosperity of people and nature. We can make this happen if we take a whole-society approach, with action from all stakeholders across all sectors and at all levels. We are working to bring everyone on board to deliver the Biodiversity Strategy - land owners and land users, such as farmers, foresters, fishers; businesses and consumers; civil society organisations, and citizens across the EU. To this end, one important part of the Strategy focuses on strengthening the EU's biodiversity governance framework to make it as transparent and participatory as possible. Enabling also needs funding: we are using all tools at our disposal to unlock, as a minimum, EUR 20 billion/year for biodiversity through various sources, including all EU funds, national and private funding, supported by tools such as the Taxonomy, improved biodiversity tracking for EU funding, Invest EU, and much more besides. With the Biodiversity Strategy, the EU is leading the way. But the biodiversity crisis is a global crisis. That is why we will negotiate an ambitious global framework to protect biodiversity across the globe at the next Conference of Parties of the UN Biodiversity Convention in China. Working together with the Member States and the EU External Action Service, we will use the full diplomatic weight of the EU to lead the way for global action. We owe it to nature, to people and to future generations.
This brochure highlights a few examples of how the EU has implemented the CBD. It shows that concerted international action can be highly effective. A lot has been achieved, and this is something that we should be proud of. However, despite current efforts, biodiversity is continuing to be lost in Europe and in the world at large. This is therefore a time not only to take stock but to re-double our efforts.
The Pan-European Ecological Network aims to secure the favourable conservation status of the ecosystems, habitats, species and landscapes of importance across Europe. This report reviews the provisions of existing international instruments and proposes priority co-operation action which could support both the development of the network and the implementation of these instruments.