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'For the best part of a thousand years English poets have gone to school to the French,' declared Ezra Pound in 1913. Whatever the truth of this assertion for all of English literature its accuracy for Pound's own period is well established. Both he and T. S. Eliot wrote frankly of the debt which they owed to their French predecessors and this fact has long been recognised by students of English literature. With the recognition of this influence went the assumption that Eliot and Pound were themselves responsible for its transmission from France to England. That this was not so is demonstrated by the documents reprinted in this volume. Dr Pondrom presents a selection of extracts and complete essays and letters by the critics and poets who together were principally responsible for channelling into English writing the ideas and theories of the French poetic avant-garde.
Theodore de Banville (1823-1891) was a prolific poet, dramatist, critic and prose fiction writer whose significant contribution to poetic and aesthetic debates in nineteenth-century France has long been overlooked. Despite his profound influence on major writers such as Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine and Mallarme, Banville polarised critical opinion throughout his fifty-year career. While supporters championed him as a virtuoso of French verse, many critics dismissed his formal pyrotechnics, effervescent rhythms and extravagant rhymes as mere clowning. This book explores how Banville's remarkably coherent body of verse theory and practice, full of provocative energy and mischievous humour, shaped debates about poetic value and how to identify it during a period of aesthetic uncertainty caused by diverse social, economic, political and artistic factors. It features a detailed new reading of Banville's most infamous and misunderstood text, the Petit Traitede poesie francaise, as well as extended analyses of verse collections such as Les Stalactites, Odes funambulesques, Les Exiles, Trente-six Ballades and Rondels, illuminated by wide reference to Banville's plays, fiction and journalism. Evans elucidates not only aesthetic tensions at the heart of nineteenth-century French verse, but also a centuries-old tension between verse mechanisms and an unquantifiable, mysterious and elusive poeticity which emerges as one of the defining narratives of poetic value from the Middle Ages, via the Grands Rhetoriqueurs and Dada, to the experiments of the OuLiPo and beyond.