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This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to Shell OMEGA process. In this process, ethylene is first oxidized with oxygen to produce ethylene oxide. Part of the ethylene oxide generated is sold as a by-product and the remaining part is converted to MEG as the final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8329959, issued to Shell in 2012 (2) US Patent 8217190, issued to Shell in 2012 Keywords: Ethene, Shell, OMEGA, Only MEG Advantage, Oxidation, Catalytic Process
This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene The process examined is similar to Shell OMEGA process. In this process, ethylene is first oxidized with oxygen to produce ethylene oxide, which is further converted to MEG. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8329959, issued to Shell in 2012 (2) US Patent 8217190, issued to Shell in 2012 Keywords: Ethene, Shell, OMEGA, Only MEG Advantage, Oxidation, Catalytic Process
The reconciliation of economic development, social justice and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the biggest political challenges of the moment. Strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions on a large scale using sequestration, storage and carbon technologies are priorities on the agendas of research centres and governments. Research on carbon sequestration is the path to solving major sustainability problems of this century a complex issue that requires a scientific approach and multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, plus a collaborative policy among nations. Thus, this challenge makes this book an important source of information for researchers, policymakers and anyone with an inquiring mind on this subject.
This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene oxide. The process examined is similar to Shell OMEGA process. In this process ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene oxide, with ethylene carbonate as an intermediate. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: Shell, OMEGA, Only MEG Advantage, Oxidation, Catalytic Process, Mitsubishi
This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene. This process consists of a two-steps process. First, ethylene is oxidized with oxygen to produce ethylene oxide, which is further hydrolyzed to MEG. Diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) are also generated as by-products in the process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Ethylene Oxide", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) "Ethylene Glycol", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Ethene, Shell Master, Scientific Design, Oxidation, Dow METEOR
This atlas illustrates the latest available data on the cancer epidemic, showing causes, stages of development, and prevalence rates of different types of cancers by gender, income group, and region. It also examines the cost of the disease, both in terms of health care and commercial interests, and the steps being taken to curb the epidemic, from research and screening to cancer management programs and health education.
This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene oxide. In this process ethylene oxide is hydrolyzed to MEG. Diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) are also generated as by-products in the process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Ethylene Oxide", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) "Ethylene Glycol", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Shell Master, Scientific Design, Oxidation
This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from synthesis gas (syngas). In this process, syngas is carbonylated to dimethyl oxalate intermediate, which is then hydrogenated to MEG. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 4453026, issued to Ube Industries Ltd. in 1984 (2) CN Patent 102380382, issued to Shenyang University of Chemical Technology in 2012 Keywords: 1,2-Ethanediol, Carbonylation, Hydrogenation, Nitric Oxide, Ube, Fujian Research Institute on the Structure of Matter, FJIRSM, Union Carbide, ARCO, Gasification
Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. - Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement - Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation - Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches
Natural gas is a vital component of the world's supply of energy and an important source of many bulk chemicals and speciality chemicals. It is one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources, and helps to meet the world's rising demand for cleaner energy into the future. However, exploring, producing and bringing gas to the user or converting gas into desired chemicals is a systematical engineering project, and every step requires thorough understanding of gas and the surrounding environment. Any advances in the process link could make a step change in gas industry. There have been increasing efforts in gas industry in recent years. With state-of-the-art contributions by leading experts in the field, this book addressed the technology advances in natural gas industry.