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This report presents a cost analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) production from raffinate-1 and ethanol. The process examined is similar to UOP's Ethermax process for isobutylene etherification. In this process the etherification reaction is conducted in two steps, the first step being a conventional reactor and the second a reactive distillation column. Other established commercial etherification processes with similar configuration, like CBI's CDMTBE, Axens' MTBE Process and Evonik's MTBE Process may as well be represented by the economic analysis presented in this report. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Etherification Reaction, Steam Cracking C4, Raffinate-1, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. - Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics - Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies - Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining
In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum cuts as well. The characteristics and specifications of all the petroleum products along with their simplified process flowsheets are reviewed.Contents: 1. Composition of crude oils and petroleum products. 2. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts. 3. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. 4. Methods for the calculation of hydrocarbon physical properties. 5. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use (motor fuels - heating fuels). 6. Characteristics of non-fuel petroleum products. 7. Standards and specifications of petroleum products. 8. Evaluation of crude oils. 9. Additives for motor fuels and lubricants. 10. Introduction to refining. Appendices: Principal characteristics of pure components. Principal standard test methods for petroleum products. References. Index.
In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum cuts as well. The characteristics and specifications of all the petroleum products along with their simplified process flowsheets are reviewed.Contents: 1. Composition of crude oils and petroleum products. 2. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts. 3. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. 4. Methods for the calculation of hydrocarbon physical properties. 5. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use (motor fuels - heating fuels). 6. Characteristics of non-fuel petroleum products. 7. Standards and specifications of petroleum products. 8. Evaluation of crude oils. 9. Additives for motor fuels and lubricants. 10. Introduction to refining. Appendices: Principal characteristics of pure components. Principal standard test methods for petroleum products. References. Index.
This volume describes the characteristics of processes used in petroleum refining: upgrading light fractions (reforming and isomerization), converting distillates (catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, and associated equipment), converting residues (visbreaking, coking hydroconversion), and reducing air and water pollution (white product sweetening, acid gas, stack gas, and waste water treatment). This book is available in French Under the title "le raffinage du pétrole. Tome 3. Procédés de transformation". Contents : 1. Introduction. 2. Basic principles governing chemical changes. 3. Industrial catalysts. 4. Catalytic reforming. 5. Catalytic cracking. 6. Isomerization of light paraffins. 7. Aliphatic alkylation. 8. Olefin etherification. 9. Oligomerization. 10. Hydrocracking. 11. Visbreaking of residues. 12. Coking. 13. Residue hydroconversion. 14. Hydrogen production. 15. White products refining by sweetening. 16. Hydrotreating. 17. Acid gas treatment. 18. Desulfurization of stack gases. 19. Water treatment. References. Index.
Refineries must not only adapt to evolving environmental regulations for cleaner product specifications and processing, but also find ways to meet the increasing demand for petroleum products,particularly for liquid fuels and petrochemical feedstocks. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Fourth Edition offers a 21st century perspective
This report presents a cost analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) production from catalytic cracking C4 raffinate stream and ethanol. The process examined is similar to UOP's Ethermax process for isobutylene etherification. In this process the etherification reaction is conducted in two steps, the first step being a conventional reactor and the second a reactive distillation column. Other established commercial etherification processes with similar configuration, like CBI's CDMTBE, Axens' MTBE Process and Evonik's MTBE Process may as well be represented by the economic analysis presented in this report. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Etherification Reaction, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, C4 raffinate, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates

Middle Distillate Fuels

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities Affecting Small Business

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 200


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This report presents a cost analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) production from an isobutylene rich stream from a butane dehydrogenation plant and ethanol. The process examined is similar to UOP's Ethermax process for isobutylene etherification. In this process the etherification reaction is conducted in two steps, the first step being a conventional reactor and the second a reactive distillation column. Other established commercial etherification processes with similar configuration, like CBI's CDMTBE, Axens' MTBE Process and Evonik's MTBE Process may as well be represented by the economic analysis presented in this report. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Etherification Reaction, butane dehydrogenation, isobutylene synthesis, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates