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INTRODUCTIONRepresenting Congress presents a selection of politicalcartoons by Clifford K. Berryman to engage studentsin a discussion of what Congress is, how it works,and what it does. It features the masterful work of one ofAmerica's preeminent political cartoonists and showcases hisability to use portraits, representative symbols and figures,and iconic personifications to convey thought-provokinginsights into the institutions and issues of civic life. The Houseof Representatives and Senate take center stage as nationalelected officials work to realize the ideals of the Founders.This eBook is designed to teach students to analyze history as conveyed in visual media.The cartoons offer comments about various moments in history, and they challenge thereader to evaluate their perspective and objectivity. Viewed outside their original journalisticcontext, the cartoons engage and amuse as comic art, but they can also puzzlea reader with references to little-remembered events and people. This eBook providescontextual information on each cartoon to help dispel the historical mysteries.Berryman's cartoons were originally published as illustrations for the front page of theWashington Post and the Washington Evening Star at various dates spanning the years from 1896to 1949. Thirty-nine cartoons selected from the more than 2,400 original Berryman drawingspreserved at the Center for Legislative Archives convey thumbnail sketches of Congress inaction to reveal some of the enduring features of our national representative government.For more than 50 years, Berryman's cartoons engaged readers of Washington's newspapers,illustrating everyday political events as they related to larger issues of civic life.These cartoons promise to engage students in similar ways today. The cartoons intrigueand inform, puzzle and inspire. Like Congress itself, Berryman's cartoons seem familiarat first glance. Closer study reveals nuances and design features that invite in-depthanalysis and discussion. Using these cartoons, students engage in fun and substantivechallenges to unlock each cartoons' meaning and better understand Congress. As theydo so, students will develop the critical thinking skills so important to academic successand the future health and longevity of our democratic republic.2 | R E P R E S E N T I N G C O N G R E S SHOW THIS eBOOK IS ORGANIZEDThis eBook presents 39 cartoons by Clifford K. Berryman,organized in six chapters that illustrate how Congress works.Each page features one cartoon accompanied by links toadditional information and questions.TEACHING WITH THIS eBOOKRepresenting Congress is designed to teach students aboutCongress-its history, procedures, and constitutional roles-through the analysis of political cartoons.Students will study these cartoons in three steps:* Analyze each cartoon using the NARA Cartoon Analysis Worksheet* Analyze several cartoons to discuss how art illustrates civic life using Worksheet 2* Analyze each cartoon in its historic context using Worksheet 3 (optional)Directions:1. Divide the class into small groups, and assign each group to study one or more cartoonsin the chapter "Congress and the Constitution."2. Instruct each group to complete Worksheet 1: Analyzing Cartoons. Direct each groupto share their analysis with the whole-class.3. Instruct each group to complete Worksheet 2: Discussing Cartoons. Students shouldapply the questions to all of the cartoons in the chapter. Direct each group to sharetheir analysis in a whole class discussion of the chapter.4. Repeat the above steps with each succeeding chapter.5. Direct each group to share what they have learned in the preceding activities in awhole-class discussion of Congress and the Constitution.6. Optional Activity: Assign each group to read the Historical Context Informationstatement for their cartoon. The students should then use the Historical Context
American Military History provides the United States Army-in particular, its young officers, NCOs, and cadets-with a comprehensive but brief account of its past. The Center of Military History first published this work in 1956 as a textbook for senior ROTC courses. Since then it has gone through a number of updates and revisions, but the primary intent has remained the same. Support for military history education has always been a principal mission of the Center, and this new edition of an invaluable history furthers that purpose. The history of an active organization tends to expand rapidly as the organization grows larger and more complex. The period since the Vietnam War, at which point the most recent edition ended, has been a significant one for the Army, a busy period of expanding roles and missions and of fundamental organizational changes. In particular, the explosion of missions and deployments since 11 September 2001 has necessitated the creation of additional, open-ended chapters in the story of the U.S. Army in action. This first volume covers the Army's history from its birth in 1775 to the eve of World War I. By 1917, the United States was already a world power. The Army had sent large expeditionary forces beyond the American hemisphere, and at the beginning of the new century Secretary of War Elihu Root had proposed changes and reforms that within a generation would shape the Army of the future. But world war-global war-was still to come. The second volume of this new edition will take up that story and extend it into the twenty-first century and the early years of the war on terrorism and includes an analysis of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq up to January 2009.
Classic Books Library presents this brand new edition of “The Federalist Papers”, a collection of separate essays and articles compiled in 1788 by Alexander Hamilton. Following the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, the governing doctrines and policies of the States lacked cohesion. “The Federalist”, as it was previously known, was constructed by American statesman Alexander Hamilton, and was intended to catalyse the ratification of the United States Constitution. Hamilton recruited fellow statesmen James Madison Jr., and John Jay to write papers for the compendium, and the three are known as some of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Alexander Hamilton (c. 1755–1804) was an American lawyer, journalist and highly influential government official. He also served as a Senior Officer in the Army between 1799-1800 and founded the Federalist Party, the system that governed the nation’s finances. His contributions to the Constitution and leadership made a significant and lasting impact on the early development of the nation of the United States.
Covers material related to the impeachments of Richard M. Nixon, Harry E. Clairborne, Alcee L. Hastings, and Walter L. Nixon, Jr.
We depend on information and information technology (IT) to make many of our day-to-day tasks easier and more convenient. Computers play key roles in transportation, health care, banking, and energy. Businesses use IT for payroll and accounting, inventory and sales, and research and development. Modern military forces use weapons that are increasingly coordinated through computer-based networks. Cybersecurity is vital to protecting all of these functions. Cyberspace is vulnerable to a broad spectrum of hackers, criminals, terrorists, and state actors. Working in cyberspace, these malevolent actors can steal money, intellectual property, or classified information; impersonate law-abiding parties for their own purposes; damage important data; or deny the availability of normally accessible services. Cybersecurity issues arise because of three factors taken together - the presence of malevolent actors in cyberspace, societal reliance on IT for many important functions, and the presence of vulnerabilities in IT systems. What steps can policy makers take to protect our government, businesses, and the public from those would take advantage of system vulnerabilities? At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy offers a wealth of information on practical measures, technical and nontechnical challenges, and potential policy responses. According to this report, cybersecurity is a never-ending battle; threats will evolve as adversaries adopt new tools and techniques to compromise security. Cybersecurity is therefore an ongoing process that needs to evolve as new threats are identified. At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy is a call for action to make cybersecurity a public safety priority. For a number of years, the cybersecurity issue has received increasing public attention; however, most policy focus has been on the short-term costs of improving systems. In its explanation of the fundamentals of cybersecurity and the discussion of potential policy responses, this book will be a resource for policy makers, cybersecurity and IT professionals, and anyone who wants to understand threats to cyberspace.
Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of Kâ€"12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the Kâ€"12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum.
The federal government is running huge budget deficits, spending too much, and heading toward a financial crisis. Federal spending soared under President George W. Bush, and the costs of programs for the elderly are set to balloon in coming years. Hurricane Katrina has made the federal budget situation even more desperate. In Downsizing the Federal Government Cato Institute budget expert Chris Edwards provides policymakers with solutions to the growing federal budget mess. Edwards identifies more than 100 federal programs that should be terminated, transferred to the states, or privatized in order to balance the budget and save hundreds of billions of dollars. Edwards proposes a balanced reform package of cuts to entitlements, domestic programs, and excess defense spending. He argues that these cuts would not only eliminate the deficit, but also strengthen the economy, enlarge personal freedom, and leave a positive fiscal legacy for the next generation. Downsizing the Federal Government discusses the systematic causes of wasteful spending, and it overflows with examples of federal programs that are obsolete and mismanaged. The book examines the budget process and shows how policymakers act contrary to the interests of average Americans by favoring special interests.