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This dissertation is comprised of three self-contained empirical chapters, each exploring how individuals in developing countries navigate their labor markets. In my first chapter, I study the impact of a migration boom on investment in education by Nepalese youths. I find that opportunities to migrate have had a negative impact on attainment of education, which calls attention of policy-makers to design programs that incentive schooling. In the second chapter, I study the value of political connections to labor market outcomes. I find evidence of additional human capital investment and improved labor market outcomes due to political connections. In the third chapter, I compare the earnings growth of individuals in Indonesia who remained in formal employment (salaried workers employed in firms with five or more workers) and those who switched into non-formal jobs. The research indicates that slow job creation had a significant impact on the welfare displaced workers. Each of these chapters deals with an aspect of the labor market that is common across many developing countries. Changing economic incentives, political contexts, and globalization all contribute to individual decisions and outcomes that have consequences for welfare in poor countries. By better understanding the relationship between the characteristics of the labor markets and individual decisions and outcomes, we can hope to develop policies that maximize the ability of developing countries' labor markets to facilitate the process of economic development.
This dissertation is comprised of three self-contained empirical chapters, each exploring how individuals in developing countries navigate their labor markets. In my first chapter, I study the impact of a migration boom on investment in education by Nepalese youths. I find that opportunities to migrate have had a negative impact on attainment of education, which calls attention of policy-makers to design programs that incentive schooling. In the second chapter, I study the value of political connections to labor market outcomes. I find evidence of additional human capital investment and improved labor market outcomes due to political connections. In the third chapter, I compare the earnings growth of individuals in Indonesia who remained in formal employment (salaried workers employed in firms with five or more workers) and those who switched into non-formal jobs. The research indicates that slow job creation had a significant impact on the welfare displaced workers. Each of these chapters deals with an aspect of the labor market that is common across many developing countries. Changing economic incentives, political contexts, and globalization all contribute to individual decisions and outcomes that have consequences for welfare in poor countries. By better understanding the relationship between the characteristics of the labor markets and individual decisions and outcomes, we can hope to develop policies that maximize the ability of developing countries' labor markets to facilitate the process of economic development.
My dissertation explores the macroeconomic implications of heterogeneity in labor markets and the role of public policy in improving labor market efficiency. First, I aim to shed light on the importance of individual and firm level decisions in determining aggregate labor market outcomes such as the level of mismatch in worker skills and job requirements. Second, I analyze the role of public policy in affecting these decisions and hence, the economy wide aggregates.
My dissertation is comprised of three chapters that largely focus on two broad themes: labor supply decisions and the provision of various forms of insurance, including unemployment insurance and health insurance. Many key public policies that seek to provide social safety nets and provide insurance coverage may influence individual labor supply choices. Correspondingly, new labor market opportunities may also alter how individuals interact with social programs and economic policies. In Chapter 1, I explore the implications of the recent growth in gig employment opportunities (e.g. Uber, Lyft, TaskRabbit, etc.) for individuals facing unemployment shocks. In Chapter 2, I quantify the implications of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) insurance expansions for three key stakeholders -- providers, patients, and taxpayers. In Chapter 3, I examine implications of the ACA on individuals' labor market outcomes.
This volume collects original contributions and recent research in economic theory and the political economy of unemployment and inflation from a team of internationally renowned scholars. These essays, collected in honour of John Cornwall, demonstrate the importance of economic institutions for economic outcomes and share his focus on the need for high level economic theory to be socially relevant. The book includes an intellectual biography of the honouree by Geoff Harcourt and Mehdi Monadjemi and a full bibliography of his work.
Search theory has proven to be a very useful tool to analyze and understand the impact of labor market policies and institutional arrangements on labor market outcomes. Structural econometrics, on the other hand, seeks to recover the primitives of economic theory and to estimate decision rules. These essays use the conjunction of both to analyze various labor market issues. The first chapter estimates a search and matching model to analyze the relationship between duality in the labor market and labor market protection in Chile. Results indicate that both types of contracts, permanent and temporary, survive in equilibrium and that there is a strong substitution effect between contracts. Also, stringent labor protection generates important trade offs between flexibility and productivity. The second chapter provides lifetime measures of inequality for Chile and analyzes its main sources. Results indicate that inequality is not only high in a cross-section perspective, but also in a lifetime perspective and that low mobility is the main source of lifetime inequality. Finally, the third chapter uses a descriptive approach and a structural estimation of a search model to identify the sources of gender differentials in the United States. Results show that prejudice may still have a role in explaining the evidence on gender differentials and it is responsible for the reversal of the returns to schooling ranking in recent years.
In this volume more than 40 leading economists pay tribute to, and critically evaluate, Geoff Harcourt's work. Contributors include Tony Atkinson, Tony Lawson, Edward Nell and Ian Steedman.
This title was first published in 2001. Spanning a quarter of a century, this collection makes conveniently accessible 14 of Yunker’s thorough and highly illuminating contributions to the literature on market socialism.
The purpose of this book is to set out in a comprehensive, but succinct manner, the key points surrounding four economic issues that generate, today, much discussion and debate. These are the issues of growth, unemployment, distribution and government. It is aimed at an audience that is sufficiently interested in economic issues to read a book that sets out these issues clearly, comprehensively and above all, seriously. This has implications for both the style and the content of the book. Clarity requires that the arguments be presented coherently, without resort to jargon. Comprehensiveness requires a wide perspective embracing theoretical, empirical and policy matters. Lastly, seriousness requires that the most up-to-date thinking on economic matters is presented in digestible form, but without violence to the integrity of the original arguments. Achieving this trinity of objectives has been the primary aim of this book.