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This volume assesses the evolution of Spain's external relations during the 1990s, within and beyond Europe, and assesses the principal challenges facing the country at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The coincidence of several crucial global and European developments has had a profound effect on Spain. Adjustment of the economy and changes in foreign policy perspectives have become unavoidable. In turn, Spain, as an increasingly self-confident member of the EU, has itself become a significant actor in European-level developments. Spain's relationship with Europe and the wider world is increasingly balanced between new constraints and new opportunities for international influence.
Focusing upon the 15 years during which Spain and Portugal have been members of the European Union, this collection of essays addresses issues related to the anniversary which took place in 2001.
This publication examines the Amsterdam Treaty negotiated by the Intergovernmental Conference 1996-1997. It looks at the preferences of the main actors, the Member States, the Commission and the European Parliament, as well as the negotiation process that produced the Treaty. The book includes chapters on each of the main actors as well as the most important substantive issues: the changes in the Union's first pillar, mainly in respect to environment and employment policies, changes in the second pillar, the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the creation of a new Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, as well as the introduction of new provisions on "closer cooperation" or flexibility. Concluding chapters seek to confront the Treaty reform process with leading integration theories.
This book gives a detailed analysis of the making of the Treaty of Nice, the current treaty of the European Union, adopted in 2000. It analysis the interests and strategies of the various actors, including the 15 Member States, during the negotiations and tries to explain the main institutional changes: re-weighting of votes in the Council of Ministers, future changes in the composition of the European Commission, extended use of qualified majority voting and easier conditions for a smaller group of Member States going faster in the integration process ('enhanced cooperation').
This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This book takes up traditional approaches to political science. It aims to offer a mixture of conventional and specific analyses and insights for different groups of readers. In view of the European Union's multi-level and multi-actor polity, the book highlights the complex procedural and institutional set-up of nation states preparing and implementing decisions made by the institutions of the European Community (EC). In looking at the emerging and evolving realities of the European polity, it shows how European institutions and Member States (re-)act and interact in a new institutional and procedural set-up. It explores how governmental and non-governmental actors in different national settings adapt to common challenges, constraints and opportunities for which they are mainly themselves responsible. The book discusses the Belgian policy toward European integration as a significant demonstration of its commitment to multilateralism and international co-operation in security and economic affairs. Attitudes to European integration in Denmark, Germany, Finland, Greece, and Spain are discussed. Tendencies towards 'Europeanisation' and 'sectoralisation' of the ministerial administration during the process of European integration and the typical administrative pluralism of the Italian political system seem to have mutually reinforced each other. Strong multi-level players are able to increase their access and influence at both levels and to use their position on one level for strengthening their say on the other. German and Belgian regions might develop into these kinds of actors. A persistent trend during the 1990s is traced towards stronger national performers, particularly in terms of adaptations and reactions to Maastricht Treaty.
Jon Kofas offers a comprehensive and thought-provoking study of 'global integration' after the Second World War. Globalization is perceived to be essentially the process of world economic integration in which the United States has played the key role but in which interests of most Third World countries have been sacrificed. This study's original contribution lies in the author's contention that there have been two 'models' of globalization: the US led 'patron-client model' and the EU initiated 'interdependent integral model'. It will be of particular interest to those studying and researching in the fields of international political economy, foreign policy, development politics, political theory and sociology of development.
El presente volumen recoge, actualizadas, una parte importante de las comunicaciones presentadas en el II y III Encuentro de jóvenes investigadores en derecho de inmigración y asilo celebrados en Barcelona y Girona, respectivamente. La diversidad de aportaciones a los Encuentros tiene una entidad y coherencia propias que reflejan el amplio espectro de investigaciones en marcha, y que la distinguen de otras obras de carácter más sistemático sobre este ámbito del Derecho. Con esta perspectiva, el primer apartado recoge, bajo el título de “Cuestiones de extranjería en el derecho comunitario y en el derecho interno”, diversas aportaciones de ámbito transversal y genérico, que dan paso a un análisis individualizado de derechos concretos y de sus limitaciones en un segundo apartado dedicado a la normativa española, englobado bajo el título de “Acerca de los derechos y libertades de las personas extranjeras”; el tercer apartado del volumen recoge las comunicaciones directamente relacionadas con el derecho de asilo, que por su propia entidad merecen un tratamiento específico. Como corolario se recogen los informes de la situación de la inmigración y el asilo en Irlanda, Rumanía y Alemania en los dos últimos años. \n\n
Gennemgang af de nationale parlamenters tilpasning til udviklingen i EU's institutioner og procedurer
Papers originally presented at a conference held in March 2001 in Trier, sponsored by Academy of European Law and the Center for European Integration Studies of the University of Bonn.