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This report describes a programme of work carried out by the Fire Research Centre at the University of Ulster for the Department of the Environment, London. The research programme was structured such that: the prevalence of disability in the United Kingdom was established from published and unpublished work, the nature and severity of individual disabilities and disabilities in combination were determined from one of the most comprehensive databases available, the areas of disability were considered with respect to their relevance to emergency egress and reduced to a generic set, ie, locomotion, dexterity, seeing, hearing and mental, considered sufficient for use in risk assessment engineering, experimental studies were devised and executed to measure the egress capabilities of people with disabilities and produce appropriate input data for risk assessment modelling, a strategy for classifying disabled people with respect to fire safety was developed, and it was possible to estimate the likelihood of each category of disabled being in any building purpose group used in Building Regulations. This report is addressed to two specific classes of readers: (a) those who prefer the qualitative statements distilled from behaviours observed during the various experiments. These are of the form: "the subjects regarded the task as a challenge; were eager to do their best and tried very hard; a fire door situated at a bend in a corridor presented an almost insurmountable problem to a wheelchair user". These qualitative statements based on observations inform regulators, designers and managers of buildings in use of good and bad practice and are thus immediately applicable, (b) those who prefer hard data for the development and use of risk assessment tools. The experimental data expressed in terms of descriptive statistics is suitable input for Monte Carlo or other techniques which are employed in risk assessment tools to generate probabilities. Cost effective design demands the use of such tools. It is apparent that some people alone in a building or part of a building may not be able to open certain doors, hear a fire alarm or see the nearest exit signs. Realistically, it is unlikely that sufficient monies will be available in every ease to finance the level of support to 'ensure' safety in such a situation. Most case designs therefore may not be affordable but a designer cannot ignore the possibility, however remote that such a situation could occur. Risk assessment provides the opportunity to demonstrate that the building in use lies within the bounds of acceptable safety. Unfortunately, the inclusion of the numerical data generated by this work in this report, does not enhance its general readability but the inclusion of this data will be of specific and practical use to developers of risk assessment tools. Fire safety engineering is at present more difficult than its well established sister engineering disciplines, however, advances in computer based design analysis offer the potential of reliable robust risk assessment tools for use by trained engineers. The numerical data generated from this work is presented in the context of quantitative risk engineering.
Summary: This is a supplementary guide and should be read alongside other guides in the Fire Safety Risk Assessment series. The appendices provide examples and information to help carry out the assessment and recording of Personal Emergency Escape Plans (PEEPs)
This paper describes the background to recent United Kingdom regulations and codes which require provision to be made in new buildings to facilitate access by disabled people and allow them to escape if fire occurs. It shows how the concept of safe refuges associated with escape stairways or evacuation lifts can be employed as part of the evacuation strategy. The main features of an evacuation lift are described. The paper will be of interest to architects, engineers, fire authorities and building control officers.
Every few months there's a shocking news story about the sustained, and often fatal, abuse of a disabled person. It's easy to write off such cases as bullying that got out of hand, terrible criminal anomalies or regrettable failures of the care system, but in fact they point to a more uncomfortable and fundamental truth about how our society treats its most unequal citizens. In Scapegoat, Katharine Quarmby looks behind the headlines to question and understand our discomfort with disabled people. Combining fascinating examples from history with tenacious investigation and powerful first person interviews, Scapegoat will change the way we think about disability - and about the changes we must make as a society to ensure that disabled people are seen as equal citizens, worthy of respect, not targets for taunting, torture and attack.
When it’s not just a drill, you need to get it right the first time. If an emergency alert sounds, are you ready to take charge and get everyone out of the office, theatre, classroom, or store safely? In Introduction to Emergency Evacuation: Getting Everybody Out When it Counts, Jim Burtles explains the practical basics of understanding your site, planning escape routes, and providing for people with special needs. When minutes count, you will be ready to take action! From 30+ years of working with organizations like yours, Burtles knows the challenges you face. He tells you what you need to know as you plan to evacuate people of all ages and health conditions – whether it’s from small offices, skyscrapers, stores, industrial plants, hospitals, college campuses, or other venues. In this short book, Burtles tells you how to: Analyze the site, identifying escape routes and assembly areas. Select and train emergency response teams who will be ready to assist when needed. Calculate the amount of time to allow to evacuate people from different locations – using the author’s own proven formula. Anticipate the personal needs of people who have been suddenly evacuated – from coats to transportation to medical assistance. Learn the needs and limitations of people with disabilities, creating personal evacuation plans for them. Create signage that will be effective for anyone who will be in the area – from workers to customers to visitors. Communicate during the emergency. Check and double-check to make sure nobody is left behind. Finally, to save you time in your emergency planning, Burtles ends the book ends with a bonus comprehensive “Emergency Evacuation Checklist” containing the essentials you need to make sure your plan covers everything you need.
Fire Safety in Educational Premises
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada.
This fully revised essential reference takes into account all important aspects of building control, including new legislation up to Spring 2000 with important revisions to parts B, K, M and N. Each chapter explains the approved document. Publication lists and relevant sources of information are also included, together with annexes devoted to legislation relevant to the construction industry, determinations made by the Secretary of State and sample check lists. Building Regulations Explained will be of wide appeal to architects, planners, surveyors, builders, building control professionals (including new non-NHBC approved inspectors), regulators and students.
This book forms part of a unique, highly practical and time-saving three volume presentation of the Building Regulations, each book covering all the regulations relating to specific building usage. The chapters of each volume form self-contained units covering all the Regulation requirements applicable to a particular part of a building; thus the reader can ensure that all the Regulations are fully met. Also included is a digest of published standards, guides and technical information as well as reviews of the new Eurocodes currently being introduced. The Building Acts and Regulations Applied: Buildings for Public Assembly and Residential Use covers all the regulations relating to buildings used for public assembly or residential purposes (other than houses and flats), such as theatres, sports stadia, hotels, prisons and halls of residence. It is a useful course companion for BTEC HNC/D and degree courses in building, architecture, surveying, estate management and other built environment disciplines. It is also an ideal reference source for all professionals working in these areas.