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This book presents a new degree theory for maps which commute with a group of symmetries. This degree is no longer a single integer but an element of the group of equivariant homotopy classes of maps between two spheres and depends on the orbit types of the spaces. The authors develop completely the theory and applications of this degree in a self-contained presentation starting with only elementary facts. The first chapter explains the basic tools of representation theory, homotopy theory and differential equations needed in the text. Then the degree is defined and its main abstract properties are derived. The next part is devoted to the study of equivariant homotopy groups of spheres and to the classification of equivariant maps in the case of abelian actions. These groups are explicitely computed and the effects of symmetry breaking, products and composition are thorougly studied. The last part deals with computations of the equivariant index of an isolated orbit and of an isolated loop of stationary points. Here differential equations in a variety of situations are considered: symmetry breaking, forcing, period doubling, twisted orbits, first integrals, gradients etc. Periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems, in particular spring-pendulum systems, are studied as well as Hopf bifurcation for all these situations.
This volume is the second of two volumes representing leading themes of current research in nonlinear analysis and optimization. The articles are written by prominent researchers in these two areas and bring the readers, advanced graduate students and researchers alike, to the frontline of the vigorous research in important fields of mathematics. This volume contains articles on optimization. Topics covered include the calculus of variations, constrained optimization problems, mathematical economics, metric regularity, nonsmooth analysis, optimal control, subdifferential calculus, time scales and transportation traffic. The companion volume (Contemporary Mathematics, Volume 513) is devoted to nonlinear analysis. This book is co-published with Bar-Ilan University (Ramat-Gan, Israel). Table of Contents: J.-P. Aubin and S. Martin -- Travel time tubes regulating transportation traffic; R. Baier and E. Farkhi -- The directed subdifferential of DC functions; Z. Balanov, W. Krawcewicz, and H. Ruan -- Periodic solutions to $O(2)$-symmetric variational problems: $O(2) \times S^1$- equivariant gradient degree approach; J. F. Bonnans and N. P. Osmolovskii -- Quadratic growth conditions in optimal control problems; J. M. Borwein and S. Sciffer -- An explicit non-expansive function whose subdifferential is the entire dual ball; G. Buttazzo and G. Carlier -- Optimal spatial pricing strategies with transportation costs; R. A. C. Ferreira and D. F. M. Torres -- Isoperimetric problems of the calculus of variations on time scales; M. Foss and N. Randriampiry -- Some two-dimensional $\mathcal A$-quasiaffine functions; F. Giannessi, A. Moldovan, and L. Pellegrini -- Metric regular maps and regularity for constrained extremum problems; V. Y. Glizer -- Linear-quadratic optimal control problem for singularly perturbed systems with small delays; T. Maruyama -- Existence of periodic solutions for Kaldorian business fluctuations; D. Mozyrska and E. Paw'uszewicz -- Delta and nabla monomials and generalized polynomial series on time scales; D. Pallaschke and R. Urba'ski -- Morse indexes for piecewise linear functions; J.-P. Penot -- Error bounds, calmness and their applications in nonsmooth analysis; F. Rampazzo -- Commutativity of control vector fields and ""inf-commutativity""; A. J. Zaslavski -- Stability of exact penalty for classes of constrained minimization problems in finite-dimensional spaces. (CONM/514)
This handbook is the fourth volume in a series of volumes devoted to self-contained and up-to-date surveys in the theory of ordinary differential equations, with an additional effort to achieve readability for mathematicians and scientists from other related fields so that the chapters have been made accessible to a wider audience. - Covers a variety of problems in ordinary differential equations - Pure mathematical and real-world applications - Written for mathematicians and scientists of many related fields
This book focuses on nonlinear boundary value problems and the aspects of nonlinear analysis which are necessary to their study. The authors first give a comprehensive introduction to the many different classical methods from nonlinear analysis, variational principles, and Morse theory. They then provide a rigorous and detailed treatment of the relevant areas of nonlinear analysis with new applications to nonlinear boundary value problems for both ordinary and partial differential equations. Recent results on the existence and multiplicity of critical points for both smooth and nonsmooth functional, developments on the degree theory of monotone type operators, nonlinear maximum and comparison principles for p-Laplacian type operators, and new developments on nonlinear Neumann problems involving non-homogeneous differential operators appear for the first time in book form. The presentation is systematic, and an extensive bibliography and a remarks section at the end of each chapter highlight the text. This work will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers working in nonlinear analysis and partial differential equations as well as a useful tool for all those interested in the topics presented.
This book provides an introduction to degree theory and its applications to nonlinear differential equations. It uses an applications-oriented to address functional analysis, general topology and differential equations and offers a unified treatment of the classical Brouwer degree, the recently developed S?1-degree and the Dold-Ulrich degree for equivalent mappings and bifurcation problems. It integrates two seemingly disparate concepts, beginning with review material before shifting to classical theory and advanced application techniques.
Topological tools in Nonlinear Analysis had a tremendous develop ment during the last few decades. The three main streams of research in this field, Topological Degree, Singularity Theory and Variational Meth ods, have lately become impetuous rivers of scientific investigation. The process is still going on and the achievements in this area are spectacular. A most promising and rapidly developing field of research is the study of the role that symmetries play in nonlinear problems. Symmetries appear in a quite natural way in many problems in physics and in differential or symplectic geometry, such as closed orbits for autonomous Hamiltonian systems, configurations of symmetric elastic plates under pressure, Hopf Bifurcation, Taylor vortices, convective motions of fluids, oscillations of chemical reactions, etc . . . Some of these problems have been tackled recently by different techniques using equivariant versions of Degree, Singularity and Variations. The main purpose of the present volume is to give a survey of some of the most significant achievements obtained by topological methods in Nonlinear Analysis during the last two-three decades. The survey articles presented here reflect the personal taste and points of view of the authors (all of them well-known and distinguished specialists in their own fields) on the subject matter. A common feature of these papers is that of start ing with an historical introductory background of the different disciplines under consideration and climbing up to the heights of the most recent re sults.
This book is the first in the world literature presenting all new trends in topological fixed point theory. Until now all books connected to the topological fixed point theory were devoted only to some parts of this theory. This book will be especially useful for post-graduate students and researchers interested in the fixed point theory, particularly in topological methods in nonlinear analysis, differential equations and dynamical systems. The content is also likely to stimulate the interest of mathematical economists, population dynamics experts as well as theoretical physicists exploring the topological dynamics.
This work presents foundational research on two approaches to studying subgroup lattices of finite abelian p-groups. The first approach is linear algebraic in nature and generalizes Knuth's study of subspace lattices. This approach yields a combinatorial interpretation of the Betti polynomials of these Cohen-Macaulay posets. The second approach, which employs Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions, exploits properties of Kostka polynomials to obtain enumerative results such as rank-unimodality. Butler completes Lascoux and Schützenberger's proof that Kostka polynomials are nonnegative, then discusses their monotonicity result and a conjecture on Macdonald's two-variable Kostka functions.