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When Chinese leaders announced in late 1978 that China would "open to the outside world," they embarked on a strategy for attracting private foreign capital to spur economic development. At the same time, they were concerned about possible negative repercussions of this policy. Margaret Pearson examines government efforts to control the terms of foreign investment between 1979 and 1988 and, more broadly, the abilities of socialist states in general to establish the terms of their own participation in the world economy. Drawing on interviews with Chinese and foreigners involved in joint ventures, Pearson focuses on the years from 1979 through 1988, but she also comments on the fate of the "open" policy following the economic retrenchment and political upheavals of the late 1980s. "Since the policy of `opening' was launched in Beijing in 1979 some Chinese leaders have favoured foreign investment, while others have feared that it would carry ideas and institutions that would corrupt Chinese socialism. This study of Chinese policies toward foreign-invested enterprises (FIFs) during the 1980s broadly charts significant changes in the impact of these competing views on policy. . . . Pearson's overview and analysis provide thought-provoking perspectives. . . . Pearson furnishes excellent evidence that throughout the 1980s the pressure for reform was so great that the conservatives had to retreat repeatedly, despite their concerns about the decline of collectivist values and the Maoist dream."--Stanley Lubman, The China Quarterly
This accessible book offer a comprehensive and critical introduction to the law on business organizations in the People�s Republic of China. The coverage focuses on the 2005-adopted PRC Company Law and the most recent legislative and regulatory develop
The economies of the People's Republic of China and India have seen dramatic growth in recent years. As their respective successes continue to reshape the world's economic landscape, noted Chinese and Indian scholars have studied the two countries' development paths, in particular their rich and diverse experiences in such areas as education, information technology, local entrepreneurship, capital markets, macroeconomic management, foreign direct investment, and state-owned enterprise reforms. Drawing on these studies, ADB has produced a timely collection of lessons learned that serves as a valuable refresher on the challenges and opportunities ahead for developing economies, especially those in Asia and the Pacific.
A major element of China’s economic modernization has been the reform of its land tenure system and the development of its construction industry. These changes, which have accepted the principles of paying for the right to use land and profit-making by construction companies, have been dramatic. So has the attraction of foreign investors to joint ventures with Chinese companies, many of which need land and buildings. These initiatives have, in turn, generated further development of land policies and construction. This book documents the progress made in these important sectors of the economy and their potential for creating a property market, their impact on overseas companies building in China and also on the indigenous construction industry itself.
This short, reader-friendly book is about best practice in joint ventures: the factors and processes which lead to success. Every year, corporations establish thousands of joint ventures (JVs), investing hundreds of billions of dollars. In fact, between 25% and 40% of all foreign investments take place via equity JVs. The use of JVs and strategic alliances has been rapidly growing. I've worked as a joint venture facilitator for Fortune 500 and other corporations for many years. The senior executives in these organizations often noted that the decision-making format I used with them would make a great book. This is it. The key purpose of the book is to demonstrate that joint ventures can work. They require however an open mind, and the willingness to work through a series of questions I provide. These relate to: testing the strategic logic; partnership and fit; shape and design; and operating the JV. Contrary to the perceptions of some, JVs can be just as profitable and survive just as long as wholly owned subsidiaries. They can in fact be effectively managed, and they are not going to cause a firm to lose its proprietary technology. Partnerships can work extremely well, and often, placing less emphasis on “control” is the way to go. If one is willing to acknowledge and respect that someone else (here a partner) has much to contribute, a stronger enterprise can result. True JVs can result in more stable and sustainable business, benefiting all partners, in whatever country they are located. The format of the book is intentionally conversational. It uses the Socratic method (question, answer, question, answer) which works so effectively in a case study classroom. Here the “classroom” is several business class seats on an international flight. This book is written for practicing managers and executives. Those contemplating the formation of a JV and those currently engaged in JVs will see improvement in the duration and performance of their collaborative ventures by following the recommended actions. A second audience is business schools and academics. The book is ideal for MBA, executive MBA and non-degree executive education courses or modules focused on JVs, alliances, cooperative strategies, etc.
To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.
Corporate Income Tax Law and Practice in the People's Republic of China provides a comprehensive analysis of China's corporate income tax law. A new corporate income tax law came into effect on January 1, 2008. The new law unified the two corporate income tax systems that were applicable to domestic enterprises, foreign enterprises and foreign invested enterprises, respectively. A large portion of this book summarizes the new tax law, the implementation rules of the law, and the interpretation circulars issued by the Chinese tax authorities. The mapping of sections of tax law, regulations, and circulars into the applicable areas of business transactions and operations is helpful to lawyers, accountants, and other professionals. Detailed citations allow readers to find the authorities at their original sources. Also included is some introductory and historical information for those who seek a general knowledge of China tax law. One chapter is devoted to addressing major areas of tax treaties and agreements between China and other countries or regions. Tables summarizing the treaties with regards to permanent establishment, dividends, interest, royalties, and capital gains provide readers with a quick reference and an efficient means for comparative analysis. The issues of administration and enforcement of specific tax rules are discussed in various chapters. Separate chapters cover tax compliance and tax audit and appeals. In addition, the book comments on various tax rules and offers a view of possible tax treatments in areas that have not been addressed or clearly addressed by the law, regulations and other authorities.