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Thirteen years ago, in June 1988, the Radcliffe Classof1953 celebrated its 35th Reunion. Amidst the festivities, we who participated repeatedly asked ourselves the same two questions: Is Harvard as sexist as it was when we were undergraduates? If not, what is the status ofwomen at Harvard today? To find the answers we formed an ad hoc committee and charged the members to report back to the class in five years. The committee interviewed selected senior and junior Harvard faculty, Harvard and Radcliffe administrators, students, and alumni/ae. We identified and studied Harvard and Radcliffe reports on their institu tions and on their student organizations. We contributed to and participated in a 1990 Radcliffe Focus Group, "ASurveyofAlumnae and Undergraduate Perceptions. " We found that the University was not as sexist in 1988 as it had been in 1953. Yet the status ofwomen, though improved, remained quite unequal to thatofmen. (Radcliffe College was organizationally separate from Harvard University until 1977, when a "non-merger merger" was implemented. However, Radcliffe had no fac ulty of its own and employed Harvard faculty to teach its students, in strictly separate classes until World War II. The merger effort was com pleted in 1999 with the complete integration ofthe two institutions and the formation ofthe Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, a "tub on its own bottom" like other Harvard graduate and professional schools. ) In 1993 the Class of'53 voted unanimously to form the Commit tee for the EqualityofWomen at Harvard (CEWH).
Ronald Dworkin's work on equality has shaped debates in the field of distributive justice for nearly three decades. In this book Alexander Brown attempts to provide a critique but also a defence of that work, and to extend equality of resources globally.
“Nice idea, but it doesn’t work in practice.” How often have socialists had this claim thrown back at them? And now, after the events of 1989, many of the Left are openly wondering what a defensible idea of socialism would be. This work addresses this question, taking as its point of departure John Roemer’s model of “coupon socialism”. Roemer’s model aims to combine the market with a commitment to equality through a simple, yet starkly radical, proposal: all citizens would receive an equal number of coupons with which to buy ownership rights (voting, dividends) in companies. These coupons would constitute a second, separate form of currency, but could not be exchanged for ordinary money, nor transferred to other people. Not all the contributors to this collection endorse Roemer’s working model of market socialism, but they are all stimulated by his foray into a “real utopia”.
Drawing from global insights and the education supply and demand theory, this book investigates migrant children’s education in China, as well as the educational financial policies, which serves as both a background and possible solutions. From a comparative perspective, the education fiscal policies regarding issues with migrant/immigrant students and inequality in the United States and Europe were first examined, before comprehensive theoretical framework is constructed to evaluate the government and public schools’ input and migrant children’s educational demand in China. Their school choices, academic performances, educational choices and impact factors from the perspectives of class, gender, society and family are then discussed in depth. By tracing back to previous fiscal policies regarding migrant children in China and local policies in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the author further interrogates the existing challenges, possible strategies and solutions. This book will appeal to scholars of education economics, education policy, educational equality and those who're generally interested in Chinese education and society.
"This work illustrates how health inequity is social failure and the only true cures are political"--
Valencia presents the mostÊcomprehensive, theory-based analysis to date on how societyÊandÊschools are structurally organized and maintained toÊimpedeÊthe optimal academicÊachievement of low-SES, marginalized K–12 Black and Latino/Latina students—comparedÊto theirÊprivileged WhiteÊcounterparts. TheÊbook interrogates how society contributes to educational inequality as seen in racializedÊpatterns in income, wealth, housing, and health, andÊhow public schools create significantÊobstacles for students ofÊcolor as observed in reduced access toÊopportunities (e.g., little access toÊhigh-status curricula knowledge). ÊValenciaÊoffers suggestions for achievingÊequal education (e.g., implementing fairness of school funding,ÊimprovingÊteacher quality, and providingÊstudents of color access to multicultural education) by disrupting structural racism.ÊConsidering the rapid aging of the WhiteÊpopulation and the sharp decline of WhiteÊyouth—coupledÊwith theÊexplosive growth in people ofÊcolor—this book argues that theÊ“AmericanÊImperative” must be toÊassiduouslyÊmount an effort to provide an excellent education forÊstudents ofÊcolor, who the nation will depend on for a sizable proportion of its work force. Book Features:Examines how society and schools are failing Black and Latino/Latina students, principally Mexican Americans who are by far the largest Latino/Latina group.Uses theoretical frameworks that draw from analysis of structural inequality, critical race theory, anti-deficit thinking narratives, class-by-race covariation, and an asset-based perspective of students of color. Discusses the “American Imperative” and the personal and economic consequences of not investing in students of color.
John Roemer points out that there are two views of equality of opportunity that are widely held today. The first, which he calls the nondiscrimination principle, states that in the competition for positions in society, individuals should be judged only on attributes relevant to the performance of the duties of the position in question. Attributes such as race or sex should not be taken into account. The second states that society should do what it can to level the playing field among persons who compete for positions, especially during their formative years, so that all those who have the relevant potential attributes can be considered. Common to both positions is that at some point the principle of equal opportunity holds individuals accountable for achievements of particular objectives, whether they be education, employment, health, or income. Roemer argues that there is consequently a "before" and an "after" in the notion of equality of opportunity: before the competition starts, opportunities must be equalized, by social intervention if need be; but after it begins, individuals are on their own. The different views of equal opportunity should be judged according to where they place the starting gate which separates "before" from "after." Roemer works out in a precise way how to determine the location of the starting gate in the different views.
Differentiated instruction is a nice idea, but what happens when it comes to assessing and grading students? What's both fair and leads to real student learning? Fair Isn't Always Equal answers that question and much more. Rick Wormeli offers the latest research and common sense thinking that teachers and administrators seek when it comes to assessment and grading in differentiated classes. Filled with real examples and "gray" areas that middle and high school educators will easily recognize, Rick tackles important and sometimes controversial assessment and grading issues constructively. The book covers high-level concepts, ranging from "rationale for differentiating assessment and grading" to "understanding mastery" as well as the nitty-gritty details of grading and assessment, such as: whether to incorporate effort, attendance, and behavior into academic grades;whether to grade homework;setting up grade books and report cards to reflect differentiated practices;principles of successful assessment;how to create useful and fair test questions, including how to grade such prompts efficiently;whether to allow students to re-do assessments for full credit. This thorough and practical guide also includes a special section for teacher leaders that explores ways to support colleagues as they move toward successful assessment and grading practices for differentiated classrooms.