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This work covers citric acid fermentation methods including recent advances and approaches. The book looks at all aspects of the fermentation process and should be of interest to those working in biotechnology, microbiology and biochemistry.
September 2001
The worldwide demand of citric acid is about 6x105 tons per year. Citric acid, with an estimated annual production of 500,000 tons, is produced almost exclusively by fermentation with Aspergillus niger and widely used in food, chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries. Keeping in view production of citric acid was investigated in submerged fermentation using shake flask fermentation. Maximum product yield was achieved under optimum methanol concentration (1.5 %) and ethanol concentration (1.0%) which shows enhance improvement in citric acid production compared to the control strain without any lower alcohols treatment. The work done in the current study is a major contribution for optimization of different fermentation parameters for citric acid production, however same process parameters may also be useful for production of different organic acids and enzymes in submerge fermentation system."
Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, outlines the principles of biochemical processes and explains their use in the manufacturing of every day products. The author uses a diirect approach that should be very useful for students in following the concepts and practical applications. This book is unique in having many solved problems, case studies, examples and demonstrations of detailed experiments, with simple design equations and required calculations. Covers major concepts of biochemical engineering and biotechnology, including applications in bioprocesses, fermentation technologies, enzymatic processes, and membrane separations, amongst others Accessible to chemical engineering students who need to both learn, and apply, biological knowledge in engineering principals Includes solved problems, examples, and demonstrations of detailed experiments with simple design equations and all required calculations Offers many graphs that present actual experimental data, figures, and tables, along with explanations
The present study deal with the isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation. The organism was isolated from onion and garlic peels which were collected from local market. Pour plate method using Czapak Dos Agar medium was used for isolation. The agar plates were incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Maximum sporulation were obtained and then stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for maintenance and further screening for citric acid fermentation. The cultural conditions and nutritional requirements for citric acid production by the selected culture were optimized in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks by submerged mould culture technique prior to scale up studies in a stirred fermenter. Two types of fermentation were succeeded they are solid and submerged state fermentation. In solid state fermentation basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 7 conical flasks of about 100 ml each containing 30 g of samples like wastes of apple, pineapple, carrot, beetroot, sugarcane, mosambi and grape and whereas in submerged state fermentation basal medium. The basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 2 conical flask of about 100 ml each containing 15 ml of samples like date syrup and sugarcane juice were added in 2 conical flasks and 3.5 g of corn flour was also taken in separate flask containing the same amount of basal medium. These samples were then sterilized in an autoclave for 121°C for 15 lbs at 15 mins. These samples were cooled down and were inoculated with Aspergillus niger isolates which were obtained from Czapak Dos Agar medium. These flasks were then kept for incubation at room temperature for further studies. This comparative study of citric acid production in various medium were studied at each intervals up to 14 days of incubation. Pineapple and date syrup have shown an extreme citric acid production when compared to other samples.
This book complements others in biotechnology especially in industrialmicrobiology-biotechnology. It has been written with a research andacademic readership in mind but will prove equally beneficial to theprocess technologists and scientists working in biotechnology-basedbusiness and industries, large and small. The chapters include theinformation and facts based on the practically applicable knowledgegathered from up-to-date complete research published on the subjectand related topics. The contents of each chapter deal with How-to , asopposed to a Review of Literature with citation of a large number ofnon-applicable references .