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Dans cette these, nous nous sommes intéressés à la conception d'un environnement d'execution pour des applications réparties dynamiques. Nous avons défmi et utilisé le modèle des réseaux de processus distribués de Kahn, comme modèle de base de notre environnement d'exécution. L'extension du modèle de Kahn pour supporter la distribution a permis de faire le lien entre les systèmes distribués et les applications des réseaux de processus de Kahn (simulation des systèmes embarqués, application de traitement de signal, traitement vidéo, ...) ouvrant ainsi la voie à la construction d'applications de simulation dans un environnement distribué. Bien que le modèle des réseaux de Kahn soit le modèle de prédilection des applications de simulation, notre environnement n'est pas limité à ce type d'applications, et peut servir comme support d'exécution pour des applications où l'objectif derrière la distribution est l'amélioration des performances. La gestion des communications est l'un des points critiques dans de tels systèmes distribués, et notre approche ne néglige pas ce point. Elle permet d'optimiser les temps de transfert de données en utilisant la vectorisation, le recouvrement des calculs par les communications et l'équilibrage de charge. Ainsi, notre support reste aussi ouvert à des applications de haute performance dans un cadre de métacomputing. Nos travaux couvrent essentiellement trois facettes: 1. La simulation distribuée: nous avons proposé et développé un support d'exécution capable d'assurer le fonctionnement d'une application de simulation de systèmes embarqués dans un environnement réparti. La facilité de développement se traduit dans notre approche par l'utilisation d'une méthodologie à' base de composants, la transparence des communications et l'interactivité du déploiement. II. La dynamicité des systèmes distribués: bien que l'environnement soit motivé par la simulation de composants distribués dans un contexte de "cyber-entreprise", son domaine d'application ne se limite pas à la simulation distribuée. C'est ainsi qu'en plus des performances des communications et de la charge des processus, l'aspect dynamique de l'application distribuée a été pris en compte. Cette dynamicité que procure notre environnement est l'une des contributions principales de notre approche. III. Le traitement de signal: le langage Array-OL est dédié aux applications de traitement de signal et plus particulièrement aux applications de traitement de signal multidimensionnel. Nous avons proposé une projection du modèle Array-OL qui spécifie des dépendances de données vers le modèle des réseaux de processus qui est basé sur le flux de données. L'approche proposée combine la distribution de données et de tâches avec des exécutions de type pipeline et de type SPMD. De plus, l'application bénéficie de la dynamcité que procure notre support d'exécution.
In the Middle Ages, rolls were ubiquitous as a writing support. While scholars have long examined the texts and images on rolls, they have rarely taken the manuscripts themselves into account. This volume readdresses this imbalance by focusing on the materiality and various usages of rolls in late medieval England and France. Researchers from England, France, Germany and Singapore demonstrate in 11 contributions how this approach can increase our understanding of the rolls and their contents, as well as the contexts in which they were produced and used.
Once treated as the absence of knowledge, ignorance today has become a highly influential topic in its own right, commanding growing attention across the natural and social sciences where a wide range of scholars have begun to explore the social life and political issues involved in the distribution and strategic use of not knowing. The field is growing fast and this handbook reflects this interdisciplinary field of study by drawing contributions from economics, sociology, history, philosophy, cultural studies, anthropology, feminist studies, and related fields in order to serve as a seminal guide to the political, legal and social uses of ignorance in social and political life. Chapter 33 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available here: https://tandfbis.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780415718967_oachapter33.pdf
Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) in its modern form has become a standard tool in the analysis of high-dimensional data sets. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the most important aspects of the NMF problem and is the first to detail its theoretical aspects, including geometric interpretation, nonnegative rank, complexity, and uniqueness. It explains why understanding these theoretical insights is key to using this computational tool effectively and meaningfully. Nonnegative Matrix Factorization is accessible to a wide audience and is ideal for anyone interested in the workings of NMF. It discusses some new results on the nonnegative rank and the identifiability of NMF and makes available MATLAB codes for readers to run the numerical examples presented in the book. Graduate students starting to work on NMF and researchers interested in better understanding the NMF problem and how they can use it will find this book useful. It can be used in advanced undergraduate and graduate-level courses on numerical linear algebra and on advanced topics in numerical linear algebra and requires only a basic knowledge of linear algebra and optimization.
Originally published in French in 1935, the author's formula Byzantium after Byzantium defines several centuries of world history. Iorga points out the great contributions of Byzantine civilization to the Western world, especially during the Renaissance. He demonstrates that Byzantium survived through its people and local autonomies, as well as through its exiles--clerics, scholars, merchants, and political officials. One of the most important expressions of this was found in the Romanian principalities where Greeks from the Phanar district of Istanbul played a major role in Romanian political life, defining an entire period of Romanian history--the Phanariot Period. They continued the Byzantine ideas, aspirations, education, and way of life. All of this allows us to speak of a Byzantium after Byzantium.
This book presents innovative solutions utilising informatics to deal with various issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The book offers a collection of contemporary research and development on the management of Covid-19 using health data analytics, information exchange, knowledge sharing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the Internet of Everything (IoE)-based solutions. The book also analyses the implementation, assessment, adoption, and management of these healthcare informatics solutions to manage the pandemic and future epidemics. The book is relevant to researchers, professors, students, and professionals in informatics and related topics.
What are eNTERFACE workshops?The eNTERFACE summer workshops ( www.enterface.net ), organized by the SIMILAR European Network of Excellence, are a new type of European workshops. They aim at establishing a tradition of collaborative, localized research...
This book aims to strengthen the skills of professionals who use, manage data for the benefit of farmers and farmers organizations by exposing them to the topics of importance of data in the agriculture value chain and how new and existing technologies, products and services can leverage farm level and global data to improve yield, reduce loss, add value and increase profitability and resilience.