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To meet the challenge of global environmental degradation activists have tackled clear and concrete problems such as carbon emissions and climate change, the ruination of ecosystems and habitat, the precipitous loss of biodiversity, and many other unhappy consequences of irresponsible human behaviour. However, all such efforts to manually correct the course of history have been dwarfed by the magnitude and heavy forward momentum of modern industrial society. In Metanarrative and the Environment, Stephen James Purdey argues that material approaches to the environmental crisis cannot succeed without the power of a legitimating discourse – a new metanarrative – which fundamentally changes the ideational landscape of human development. Dr. Purdey begins in Part I by establishing the pragmatics of our environmental predicament – its roots and responses to it. He focuses on the concept, definition, and key features of metanarrative, introducing the hegemonic story that now rules the contemporary global mindscape. Part II takes on the moral problematic more directly, encouraging the evolution of a new metanarrative by bringing our potential for agency in the face of danger into sharper relief. Metanarrative and the Environment is multidisciplinary, with a particular emphasis on the creative humanities. It will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students alike, as well as environmental activists and academics looking for a new way forward.
This book demonstrates how educators and youth leaders can help middle-school and older students understand and define their relationship with nature and learn the importance of protecting the environment. Chapter 1 defines environmental ethics and discusses biocentric and anthropocentric ways of seeing the world. Chapter 2 examines how ecology, nature, technology, and human communities relate to environmental ethics. Chapter 3 classifies types of environmental ethics, discusses misconceptions and excuses that act as barriers to following an environmental ethic, and provides details on specific ethics: Wise Use movement, social ecology, ecofeminism, land stewardship or management, Leopold's ecological conscience or land as community, Schweitzer's reverence for life, deep ecology or bioregionalism, indigenous or traditional ethics, animal liberation and rights, and radical ecoactivism. Chapter 4 discusses strategies for teaching environmental ethics and values, criticisms of such education in public schools, instructional challenges, and authentic assessment of student progress. Chapter 5 describes 40 outdoor and classroom activities to help students develop an environmental ethic. The activities fall into 11 categories: thinking and discussion, solo reflection, writing, nature study, questioning, codes of ethics, role models, action projects, aesthetics, literature, and games. Chapter 6 lists environmental ethics curricular resources and periodicals. A bibliography contains approximately 180 references. An index and chapter notes are included. (SV)
This book discusses the problems and challenges of environmental–ecological conditions in Africa, amidst the current craze of economic growth and ‘development’. Africa’s significant economic dynamics and growth trajectories are marked by neglect of the environment, reinforcing ecological crises. Unless environmental–ecological and population growth problems are addressed as an integral part of developmental strategies and growth models, the crises will accelerate and lead to huge costs in later years. Chapters examine multiple emerging tension points all across the continent, including the potential benefits and harm of growing urban-based ecotourism, the trajectory of labour-saving technologies and the problems facing agro-pastoralism. Although environmental management and sustainability features of African rural societies should not be idealized, functional 'traditional' economies, interests and management practices are often bypassed, seen by state elites as inefficient and inhibiting 'growth'. In many regions the seeds are now sown for lasting environmental crises that will affect local societies that have rarely been given opportunity to claim accountability from the state regimes and donors driving these changes.
"Cassie [Iverson], eighteen years old, lives in the United States in the year 2014--but it's not our United States and it's not our 2014. Cassie's world has been at peace since the Great Armistice of 1914. But Cassie knows the world isn't what it seems. Her parents were part of a group who gradually discovered the awful truth: that for decades--back to the dawn of radio communications--human progress has been interfered with, made more peaceful and benign, by an extraterrestrial entity"--
Economist David Merriman of the University of Illinois at Chicago reviews more than 30 individual studies in the most comprehensive assessment of tax increment financing (TIF) with practical recommendations for policy makers and practitioners. The report finds that while TIF has the potential to draw investment into neglected places, it has not accomplished the goal of promoting economic development in most cases. First implemented in the 1950s, TIF funds economic development within a defined district by earmarking increases in future property tax revenues that result from increases in real estate values in the district. The tax revenue can be used for public infrastructure or to compensate private developers for their investments, but TIF is prone to several pitfalls: it often captures some revenues that would have been generated through normal appreciation in property values, it can be exploited by cities to obtain revenues that would otherwise go to overlying government entities such as school districts, and it can make cities' financial decisions less transparent by separating them from the normal budget process. The report recommends several ways that state and local policy makers can reform TIF practices going forward.