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Comprised of papers from leading experts, this multifaceted analysis explores the environmental requirements that have emerged from the trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization and their impact on developing markets such as South Asia. These essays address a variety of environmental and health-related standards and their prohibitive effect, discriminatory impact, and high-compliance costs--all of which hurt these developing markets. The volume concludes with an agenda of action points for governments, businesses, and international agencies to address the challenges these standards present.
Investigating over twenty cases, this OECD report examines how environmental requirements can become trade barriers for developing countries.
Provides background information and analysis for the Pre-UNCTAD XI Workshop on Environmental Requirements and Market Access for Developing Countries, organized jointly by the UNCTAD Secretariat and the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, Brazil.
Can trade liberalization and environmental protection be pursued together, or do the two objectives inevitably conflict? The rapid evolution of international regimes and institutions is increasingly bringing such conflicts to the fore. A consensus, both on the extent of the clash, and on how it can be resolved, does not yet exist. This volume includes the proceedings from the RIIA's April 1997 conference on trade and the environment, which brought together prominent contributors from all sides of the debate, including industry, governments, academics, NG0s and intergovernmental institutions such as the World Trade Organization, UNEP, UNCTAD and the OECD. They examine the background to the issue; the impacts of trade-related environmental measures; the relationship between environmental policy, competitiveness and investment; industry and developing country concerns; and the evolution of dispute settlement procedures in the EU and the WTO. The concluding chapter features a wide-ranging discussion on the future of the debate and of the WTO's Committee on Trade and Environment.
The interpretation of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) regulations on environmental requirements (ERs) and the belief of whether they are beneficial or a barrier to market access have created controversy between developed and developing countries. This research aims to examine the evolution of these environmental requirements and identify how they are creating opportunities or challenges for Bangladesh market access as a least developed country (LDC). Bangladesh is currently facing challenges in specific sectors, which is evident in empirical research and statistics. The objective of this research is to contribute to policy formation through analysis of the implications of these requirements for Bangladesh market access and its economic development.
The environmental, health and sanitary requirements in developed countries are often seen as non-tariff barriers to trade, and this study considers the possibility that these standards could be also be protectionist. The authors use case studies and evidence from locally based researchers.
International agreements and environmental regulations are important constraints in today's business context. By analyzing development and case studies within NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), the authors demonstrate how firms can develop strategies which utilize international trade and environment regimes to open up international markets.