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This book brings together the findings of key sector- and media-specific analyses of the environment in the Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia area and puts forth a set of indicators to provide a one-stop, concise and up-to-date assessment accessible also to a non-specialist audience.
Describes progress being made - and barriers to progress - on environmental policies and programmes in the countries of Eastern Europe, Causasus and Central Asia.
Recoge: 1 Background, scope and methodology - 2 Broad trends in production and consumption - 3 Policies supporting SCP - 4 Industry - 5 Food - 6 Buildings - 7 Transport - 8 Waste - 9 Way forward - Annex 1 Responses to the questionnaire survey on policies on sustainable consumption and production
Environmental conditions do not exist in a vacuum. They are influenced by science, politics, history, public policy, culture, economics, public attitudes, and competing priorities, as well as past human decisions. In the case of Central Asia, such Soviet-era decisions include irrigation systems and physical infrastructure that are now crumbling, mine tailings that leach pollutants into soil and groundwater, and abandoned factories that are physically decrepit and contaminated with toxic chemicals. Environmental Crises in Central Asia highlights major environmental challenges confronting the region’s former Soviet republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. They include threats to the Caspian and Aral seas, the impact of climate change on glaciers, desertification, deforestation, destruction of habitat and biodiversity, radioactive and hazardous wastes, water quality and supply, energy exploration and development, pesticides and food security, and environmental health. The ramifications of these challenges cross national borders and may affect economic, political, and cultural relationships on a vast geographic scale. At the same time, the region’s five governments have demonstrated little resolve to address these complex challenges. This book is a valuable multi-disciplinary resource for academics, scholars, and policymakers in environmental sciences, geography, political science, natural resources, mass communications, public health, and economics.
This report aims to help EECCA environmental administrations to harness the potential benefits of on-going public finance reforms; particularly the shift to multi-year budgeting, stability of funding, and, ultimately, a more effective use of public money.
Eastern European, Caucasus and Central Asian (EECCA) countries are at an environmental crossroad. The current environmental situation is dire and challenges are mounting, but there are also new opportunities. EECCA countries need to set clear priorities and targets to guide both their own action programmes and multi-stakeholder partnerships. Knowledge transfer and institutional development are required to facilitate policy reform, and to tackle strategic and operational bottlenecks, including much needed investments in environmental infrastructure and modern technologies. This report explains the environmental challenges that these transition economies face, and assesses the financial tools and resources available to tackle them. The publication of this report is part of the OECD programme of work with non-member economies, in the context of the Task Force for the Implementation of the Environmental Action Plan for Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EAP Task Force). It is directly related to a series of projects on environmental finance in transition economies, which was initiated in 1993 and that has focused on EECCA since 1998.
This glossary integrates a wealth of policy, legal, management and technical terms that were selected according to one key criterion: each of them had to be used in environmental compliance promotion and enforcement or have significance for this field.
Arable land, deserts, mountains, forests, rivers, and coastal zones characterize the diverse regions in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA). As varied as the geography is so are the policy directions taken by the region's governments concerning natural resource management. A lack of conservation measures, misuse, and poor management have impaired many of the natural resources now available in these countries. Although the pressure on natural resources in ECA is less than in other regions and the area has more abundant resources, the accessibility and utility of those resources belie the figures. Where there is arable land, the growing season is short. Where there are immense forests, the climate is harsh.To assist the Bank's client countries in ECA with sustainable use of natural resources, this volume identifies the various challenges, provides a history of the Bank's regional natural resource strategy, outlines a strategic framework, and proposes new strategies and policy instruments to implement them. Natural resources in this publication refer to "non-mineral" resources, such as, forests, rivers, and land.
This report aims to help EECCA environmental administrations to harness the potential benefits of on-going public finance reforms; particularly the shift to multi-year budgeting, stability of funding, and, ultimately, a more effective use of public money.