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This document is intended to serve as a consistent "roadmap" for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency personnel in evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged amterial management alternatives. Specifically, its major objectives are to provide: A general technical framwork for evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged material management, alternatives (open-water disposal, confined (diked) disposal, and beneficial uses). Additional technical guidance to augment present implementation and testing manuals for addressing the environmental acceptability of available management options for the discharge of dredged material in both ope water and confined sites. Enhanced consistency and coordination in USAC/EPA decision making in accordance with Federal environmantl statutes regulating dredged material management.
This manual is a resource document providing technical guidance for evaluation of potential contaminant migration pathways from confined disposal facilities (CDFs). Disposal of dredged material in CDFs is one of the most commonly considered alternatives for material deemed unsuitable for conventional open water disposal because of potential contaminant impacts and is also an option commonly considered for disposal of contaminated sediments dredged for purposes of sediment remediation. If contaminated sediments are placed in a CDF, consideration of pathways for migration of contaminants from the site and potential contaminant impacts may be required. A suite of evaluation procedures and laboratory test procedures has been developed to evaluate CDF contaminant pathways and is presented in detail in this manual. A tiered testing and evaluation approach is used. The Tier I evaluation determines the need for pathway evaluations, pathways of concern, contaminants of concern, and which pathways require more detailed evaluations based on existing information. Tier II evaluations consist of determining the need for management actions derived from very conservative techniques that use the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the dredged material and basic information about the CDF. Tier III focuses primarily on definitive evaluations, including pathway testing. Tier IV, which should rarely be needed for navigation projects, includes formal quantitative risk assessment designed to answer specific, well-defined questions.
"During the latter part of the 20th century it became clear that another approach should be found for handling contaminated dredged material. Up to then it was common practise to dispose dredged material at sea or use it to raise the land or as fertilizer on land. A new approach was to store contaminated dredged material in confined disposal facilities (CDFs). These CDFs are only meant for dredged material that is heavily contaminated and cannot be relocated into the water system or used for engineering or environmental purposes. Much effort was devoted to the design of CDFs and to the assessment and management of environmental risks. Despite the fact that stricter environmental pollution controls meant that sediments in rivers and harbours became less contaminated and options for use of dredged material became more available, there still is the need for more storage capacity for contaminated dredged material arising from certain capital, environmental remediation and sometimes maintenance dredging projects. It is especially difficult to decrease the influence of diffuse sources on contamination levels of sediments."--Introduction.