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Is there potential for a U.S. regulatory system that is more efficient and effective? Or is the future likely to involve 'paralysis by analysis'? Improving Regulation considers the challenges faced by the regulatory system as society and technology change, and our knowledge about the effects of our activities on human and planetary health becomes more sophisticated. While considering the difficulty in linking regulatory design and performance, Improving Regulation makes the case for empowering regulatory analysis. Studying applications as diverse as fire protection, air and water pollution, and genetics, its contributors examine the strategies of different stakeholders in today's complex policymaking environment. With a focus on the behavior of institutions and people, they consider the impact that organizational politics, science, technology, and performance have on regulation. They explore the role of technology in creating and reducing uncertainty, the costs of control, the potential involvement of previously unregulated sectors, and the contentious public debates about fairness and participation in regulatory policy. Arguing that the success of many regulations depends upon their acceptance by the public, Fischbeck, Farrow, and their contributors offer extensive, inductive evidence on the art of regulatory analysis. The resulting book provides 'real world' examples of regulation, and a demonstration of how to synthesize analytical skills with a knowledge of physical and social processes.
Since the early 1970s, observers have noted that complying with environmental regulations might be a significant new factor in determining the locations of industries involved in world trade. Two related hypotheses have been offered to explain how environmental regulations are altering international comparative advantage in industrial production: first, that stringent regulations push industries out of the United States and other advanced industrial nations; second, that less developed countries compete to attract multinational industries by minimizing their own regulations.
In all workplaces the health and safety of employees is closely linked with the company's profitability. Human resource strategies for improving the health and safety of people in the workplace do not necessarily cost money - in fact they usually save money. A practical book based on the authors' combined consultancy experience, Increasing
Many economists believe that the slowdown of the productivity growth rates in the U.S. economy in early 1970's was a consequence of the increased level of environmental regulations. The main reason presented in support of this argument is that increased environmental regulations impose an additional burden to the firms, thus increasing the costs of the production of conventional outputs and decreasing productivity growth rates. The opposing view, called Porter hypothesis, claims that environmental regulations may have a positive effect on the performance of domestic firms relative to their foreign competitors by stimulating domestic innovation. Given that the environmental standards are lower in Mexico than in the U.S. we expect to find relatively smaller effect of environmental regulations in Mexico. During the debates of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1994, this difference in environmental regulations levels of the two countries was hypothesized to encourage the migration of U.S. dirty industries to Mexico, thus putting Mexican economy into disadvantage. There are many studies of the effect of environmental regulations on U.S. manufacturing performance, however there is little empirical work showing the effect of environmental regulations on productivity of Mexico and comparing the relative performance of industries of the two countries. In this study we compare the relative performance of U.S. and Mexican primary iron & steel and aluminum industries, RAMA 3411 and RAMA 3423 correspondingly (according to Mexican Economic Census 1975 industrial classification). We estimate primal and dual TFP growth rates based on translog restricted cost function using fixed-effects approach. We found positive effect of environmental regulations on dual TFP growth in all industries. The results support Porter's "win-win" hypothesis.