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The World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Snapshots (WBGES), now in its fourth year, tracks new business registration around the world; data from this survey can be used to study the factors that foster dynamic private sector growth. The measurement of entrepreneurship in 112 developing and high-income economies over 2004-09 offers a distinctive and t imely snapshot of the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on entrepreneurial activity. WBGES 2010 results can help guide effective policy making and deliver new capabilities to identify the impact of reforms. The study reveals wide variation in new business registration. On average, about four new firms register every year for every 1,000 working-age individuals in high-income economies, while there is less than one new firm registered per 1,000 individuals in low and middle-income economies. More dynamic business creation occurs in economies that provide entrepreneurs with a stable legal and regulatory regime, a fast and inexpensive business registration process, more flexible employment regulations, and low corporate taxes. The data also show that during the crisis, nearly all economies experienced a sharp drop in business registration---a drop that was more pronounced in countries with higher levels of economic development and in those more affected by the crisis.
The 2010 World Bank Entrepreneurship Snapshots (WBGES) provide a unique indicator of business creation around the world and facilitate the investigation of the factors that foster dynamic private sector growth. Now in its fourth year, the WBGES measure entrepreneurial activity in 115 developing and industrial countries over the six year period 2004-2009. Importantly, the data offer a distinctive and timely snapshot of the impact of the 2008-2009 financial crisis on entrepreneurial activity. There is wide variation in new business creation across countries: On average, about four new firms register every year for every 1,000 working age individuals in industrialized countries, while there is less than one new firm registered in low and low middle income countries. The data show that dynamic business creation occurs in countries that provide entrepreneurs with good governance, a strong legal and regulatory environment, and reduced red tape. The data also show that nearly all countries experienced a sharp drop in business entry during the crisis. However, industrialized countries experienced the crisis more quickly and more severely than other income groups. In addition, the degree to which the crisis impacted new firm creation is correlated with measures of crisis severity. Finally, we find that countries in which financial markets play a larger role in the domestic economy experienced sharper declines in new business registrations as a result of the crisis that paralyzed financial markets. These results can guide effective policymaking and deliver new capabilities for identifying the impact of reforms.
Over the past years social entrepreneurship has grown as a research field. In this third edited volume we have collected contributions studying particularly questions of values in Social Entrepreneurship as well as the identification and exploitation of Social Venturing Opportunities.
The Indian Constitution is the largest written constitution that guarantees equality to women and empowers the State to take affirmative actions in favour of women. India has adopted International conventions for protection of rights of women and granting them equality and ratified the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in the year 1993. The National Policy for Women Empowerment was presented in 2001, the goal of that policy to bring about the advancement, development and empowerment of women and enable women to become financially independent. Currently, India is the only country where the economic gender gap is larger than the political gender gap. Women are required to understand their own potential and overcome social barriers. With constant support of the government, change in stereotype mindset and skill development in women, India will continue witnessing gradual increase in women entrepreneurship in future. The aim of this book is to show the latest state of knowledge on the topic of women entrepreneurship, the role of women in business and women empowerment in India. Many aspects relating to role of women in business, sustainable business development and aspects going beyond economic empowerment of women are discussed in addition to presenting legal and regulatory frameworks. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of entrepreneurship, empowerment, gender studies, and law.
Records and debates the progress which is being made in the UK and around the world in the implementation of the Cape Town Declaration and its aspiration to see the development of more responsible forms of tourism. Written by leading thinkers and academics in the field they provide flexible, current and topical information as an instant download.
A major new volume in the Routledge International Handbooks series analysing emerging and newly emerged economies, including the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and other likely (Turkey, Indonesia, Mexico, and South Korea) as well as possible (Vietnam, The Philippines, Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Colombia and Argentina) candidates for emerging economy status. Chapters on theories surrounding emerging markets (including the Beijing/Washington Consensus debate) offer an overview of current issues in development economics, in addition to providing an integrated framework for the country case studies. Written by experts, this handbook will be invaluable to academics and students of economics and emerging economies, as well as to business people and researchers seeking information on economic development and the accelerating pace of globalization.
This report assesses the elaboration and implementation of SME policy in eight Middle East and North African economies of the southern Mediterranean shore.
The aim of this volume is to explore entrepreneurship and business from the perspective of Islamic principles, which are usually based on collaboration, teamwork, generosity and altruism. The contributions deal with the confluence of Islamic Principles with entrepreneurial and business ownership characteristics; resource use by entrepreneurs; means of entrepreneurial success, and ethics and social responsibility.
Eleventh in a series of annual reports comparing business regulations in 189 economies, Doing Business 2014 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity around the world.