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Each book in this series is designed to make available to students important new work on key historical problems and periods that they encounter. Each volume, devoted to a central topic or theme, contains specially comisssioned essays from scholars in the relevant field. These provide an assessment of a particular aspect, pointing out areas of development and controversy and indicating where conclusions can be drawn or where further work is necessary, while an editorial introduction reviews the problem or period as a whole. In this text the contributors assess reform and reformers in late 18th century Europe, covering such topics as Catherine the Great, the Danish reformers, the Habsburg Monarchy and events in Spain and Italy.
Author of the diplomatic revolution of 1756 and brilliant foreign minister of the Austrian Empire, Wenzel Anton Kaunitz, State Chancellor of the Habsburg Monarchy (1753-1792), emerges from this study as the key figure in the development of enlightened absolutism and the guiding spirit behind the modernization of the state.
Eva H. Balazs, one of the foremost living authorities on eighteenth century Central Europe, examines a crucial period in the co-existence of the Austrian hereditary provinces and Hungary. In a Europe torn by wars and revolutions, in the last third of the eighteenth century, political, economic and personal factors interwined to determine the fortunes of the Austrian rulers and the subjects of the Hungarian crown who collaborated with them in a subordinated status. Rejecting commonplaces of the centre-periphery approach, the author argues that the Habsburg monarchy was a 'centre' whose reforms in this period inspired all subsequent movements for reform in Eastern and Central Europe. Professor Balazs's skill in combining great wealth of archival material -- not only from Austria, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, but (unprecedented in this field) also from France, gives the reader a near-contemporary proximity to the figures and developments discussed.
Efforts to ascertain the influence of enlightenment thought on state action, especially government reform, in the long eighteenth century have long provoked stimulating scholarly quarrels. Generations of historians have grappled with the elusive intersections of enlightenment and absolutism, of political ideas and government policy. In order to complement, expand and rejuvenate the debate which has so far concentrated largely on Northern, Central and Eastern Europe, this volume brings together historians of Southern Europe (broadly defined) and its ultramarine empires. Each chapter has been explicitly commissioned to engage with a common set of historiographical issues in order to reappraise specific aspects of 'enlightened absolutism' and 'enlightened reform' as paradigms for the study of Southern Europe and its Atlantic empires. In so doing it engages creatively with pressing issues in the current historical literature and suggests new directions for future research. No single historian, working alone, could write a history that did justice to the complex issues involved in studying the connection between enlightenment ideas and policy-making in Spanish America, Brazil, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain. For this reason, this well-conceived, balanced volume, drawing on the expertise of a small, carefully-chosen cohort, offers an exciting investigation of this historical debate.
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Absolutism in Central Europe is about the form of European monarchy known as absolutism, how it was defined by contemporaries, how it emerged and developed, and how it has been interpreted by historians, political and social scientists. This book investigates how scholars from a variety of disciplines have defined and explained political development across what was formerly known as the 'age of absolutism'. It assesses whether the term still has utility as a tool of analysis and it explores the wider ramifications of the process of state-formation from the experience of central Europe from the early seventeenth century to the start of the nineteenth.
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