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Includes the Proceedings of the Royal geographical society, formerly pub. separately.
This book is one of the few studies of how the rule of law has fared in a developing country since it achieved independence.
"Based on more than a decade of research in Palikur lands known as Arukwa in the state of Amapâa, Brazil, Knowing the Day, Knowing the World demonstrates both the challenges of comprehending alternative cosmologies and the rich rewards of grappling with Amerindian ways of thinking and knowing"--Provided by publisher.
From as early as the middle of the 16th century Englishmen were interested in the possibility of exploring the fabled resources of the great river of the Amazons. During the first half of the 17th century English and Irish projectors made persistent efforts to maintain trading factories and plantation there. From at least 1612 to 1632 they inhabited settlements along the north channel of the estuary from Cabo do Norte to the Equator, making very considerable profits from tobacco, dyes and hardwoods. The profitability of their holdings was such that, when the Portuguese made the river too risky for foreign interlopers after 1630, former English and Irish planters sought to return there under licence of first the Spanish and then the Portuguese crown. The Irish may actually have been permitted to do so in the mid-1640s. Almost half a century has elapsed since J.A. Williamson and Aubrey Gwynne first published studies of these colonies. New material from English, Portuguese and Spanish archives has now made it possible to re-evaluate their significance. The Irish ventures, although begun in partnership with the English, can now be seen to have developed into a quite distinct initiative. They are probably the earliest example of independent Irish colonial projects in the New World. By the early 1620s the Irish were known for their experience of the river and their expertise in Indian languages, proving far more efficient in their approach to exploiting Amazonia than the English. The tenacity with which both groups, the English and the Irish, pursued their goal of settlement also forces us to re-assess assumptions about the seemingly 'inevitable' priority of North America for such activity in this period. The Amazon undertakings were in many ways more hopeful than contemporaneous enterprises in North America. They failed because their interests were sacrificed, at critical junctures, to the foreign policy priorities of the English crown, not because the Amazon was an unsuitable environment for northern Europeans.
This is the first comprehensive encyclopedia on the history of the vast and varied ways human beings have used the world's waterways for business, protection, and recreation. Seas and Waterways of the World: An Encyclopedia of History, Uses, and Issues offers a comprehensive introduction to humanity's historical reliance on the world's seas and waterways and how that reliance continues to evolve. Over the course of two volumes, this extraordinary resource describes the world's major nautical features, the wide variety of uses for those waterways, and a number of essential issues arising from water-borne commerce. The encyclopedia marks the emergence of the aquarium, cruise, energy, fishing, insurance, mining, trade, transportation, recreation, and sport industries, and includes entries on harbors, ports, and coastal development that play a part in the economics of commercial water use. Also included is coverage of a number of significant themes such as the rise and fall of the Erie Canal as the gateway to the Midwest, and the declining popularity of the Panama Canal.
"In this volume, an international group of scholars from Britain, Ireland, and North America take up many of the questions surrounding the history of European expansion. What were the motives of the English, how did these change, and what insight is given on developments in English society? How did the ventures of the English compare with those of other European nations? What were the shifts in fundamental knowledge of the world, and the new concepts of civilization spread by the invention of printing, which lay behind the movements of ships, armies, and settlers? What were the roles and reactions of those who felt the weight of English expansionism, the natives of Ireland and America? Over a period of forty years, D.B. Quinn, formerly Andrew Geddes and John Rankin Professor of Modern History at the University of Liverpool, has pioneered research into these far-reaching questions in a range of books, articles, and lectures, which together have made a special contribution to the study of European expansion and the rise of the modern world. This volume is published in tribute to Professor Quinn. It provides in one source a survey of the historical research and advances in knowledge concerning the English westward enterprise, and the earliest history of America, which have been made during the last half-century"--Jacket, p. [2].