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This dissertation contributes to the study of English as a lingua franca in business negotiations focussing, among other aspects, on the pragmatic functions of conditionals. What sets English as a lingua franca apart from other forms of usage? Is there a regularity to the use of conditionals? What functions do different forms of conditionals have in lingua franca English business negotiation? The author uses business encounters recorded at an international music trade fair as her data and shows that non-standard as well as standard conditionals are used in different phases of business negotiations to indicate different degrees of commitment. Bettina Dresemann is a teacher of English and Spanish and has worked as a lecturer for English and Applied Linguistics at the Universities of Münster, Erfurt and Bochum. She is a passionate linguist and traveller, taught German as a Second Language in Germany and the USA and is currently living in Brazil. The current book is the published version of her PhD dissertation in Applied Linguistics (Sprachlehrforschung) presented at the University of Münster.
Some of the most frequent questions surrounding business negotiations address not only the nature of such negotiations, but also how they should be conducted. The answers given by business people from different cultural backgrounds to these questions are likely to differ from the standard answers found in business manuals. In her book, Milene Mendes de Oliveira investigates how Brazilian and German business people conceptualize and act out business negotiations using English as a Lingua Franca. The frameworks of Cultural Linguistics, English as a Lingua Franca, World Englishes, and Business Discourse offer the theoretical and methodological grounding for the analysis of interviews with high-ranking Brazilian and German business people. Moreover, a side study on e-mail exchanges between Brazilian and German employees of a healthcare company serves as a test case for the results arising from the interviews, and helps understand other facets of authentic intercultural business communication. Offering new insights on English as a Lingua Franca in international business contexts, Business Negotiations in ELF from a Cultural Linguistic Perspective simultaneously provides a detailed cultural-conceptual account of business negotiations from the viewpoint of Brazilian and German business people and a secondary analysis of their pragmatic aspects.
Based on the number of trouble sources and other-repair initiators involved, three types of OIR sequences have been identified: (1) single OIR, involving a single repair initiator on a single trouble source; (2) multiple OIR, involving multiple repair initiators on a single trouble source; and (3) the repair complex, involving multiple repair initiators on multiple trouble sources which are sequentially intertwined.
Known for its accessible approach and concrete real-life examples, the second edition of Practical Business Negotiation continues to equip users with the necessary, practical knowledge and tools to negotiate well in business. The book guides users through the negotiation process, on getting started, the sequence of actions, expectations when negotiating, applicable language, interacting with different cultures, and completing a negotiation. Each section of the book contains one or two key takeaways about planning, structuring, verbalizing, or understanding negotiation. Updated with solid case studies, the new edition also tackles cross-cultural communication and communication in the digital world. Users, especially non-native English speakers, will be able to hone their business negotiation skill by reading, discussing, and doing to become apt negotiators. The new edition comes with eResources, which are available at https://www.routledge.com/Practical-Business-Negotiation-2nd-Edition/Baber-Fletcher-Chen/p/book/9780367421731.
Introducing Business English provides a comprehensive overview of this topic, situating the concepts of Business English and English for Specific Business Purposes within the wider field of English for Special Purposes. This book draws on contemporary teaching and research contexts to demonstrate the growing importance of English within international business communication. Covering both spoken and written aspects of Business English, this book: examines key topics within Business English, including teaching Business English as a lingua franca, intercultural business interactions, blended learning and web-based communication; discusses the latest research on each topic, and possible future directions; features tasks and practical examples, a section on course design, and further resources. Written by two leading researchers and teachers, Introducing Business English is a must-read for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying Business English, Business English as a Lingua Franca, and English for Specific Business Purposes.
This book explores the intercultural problems related to the widespread use of English in written and oral communication by native and non-native speakers in institutional and business settings. Each chapter looks at a different set of issues emerging from the confrontation of cultures across national, institutional and organizational discourse communities, taking an intercultural or cross-cultural approach. The focus is on workplace settings, both in institutional and business contexts (e.g. politics, public services, media, international corporate communication, advertising, business negotiations, etc.). The theme is all the more interesting today not only in consideration of the sheer magnitude of this phenomenon and its capillary spread, but above all on account of the pervasive penetration of English into professional and workplace contexts as a communication language also for local/internal communication. The complexity of intercultural communication as an object of research is reflected in the variety of the topics explored, the range of settings investigated, and the diversity of methodological approaches taken.
The end of the twentieth- and beginning of the twenty-first centuries have witnessed a large scale increase in demands for international peace keeping mechanisms. Because of a complex history of spread and power, English has become the de facto lingua franca of international communication and negotiation, and the inevitable accompaniment to this is the growth in hostility against the perceived imperialism of the English language. This book argues that the growth of English(es) as a lingua franca has the potential to foster closer bonds between communities, countries and continents. Using the background methodology of Peace Studies, Patricia Friedrich applies political theory to linguistic evidence, to show how English can be instrumental both in the restoration of peace and in the building of social justice. In this analysis, the language classroom emerges as a central site in conflict prevention. A fascinating, innovative study of the place of the English language in the modern world, this book will be of interest to academics researching applied linguistics or world Englishes.
This work was originally written as a PhD thesis at University of Southampton. It is inspired by The Butterfly Effect Theories to investigate lingua franca phenomena as complex adaptive systems within other complex adaptive systems. It focuses on English as a lingua franca and highlights Arabic as a lingua franca as well. This study’s large-scale surveys and interviews are aimed to explore users’ (in)tolerance towards misalignment with standard and native language usages and how their positions relate to their reported language practices, beliefs, attitudes, motives, identity management, ideologies, religions, context, and time. As a butterfly fapping its wings may cause a hurricane, this work shows how any small change in any small part, especially in contextual and temporal dimensions, has the power to set off a string of escalating changes in lingua franca and transcultural interactions.
"A fascinating examination of how an English-language mandate at a Japanese firm, Rakuten, unfolded over time and how employees reacted to it"--Back of jacket.