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Recent advances in immunotherapy have transformed cancer treatment, while highlighting the complex interactions between the immune system and tumors. For delivery of unstable molecules or immunogenic agents, these therapies often employ nanoformulations to deliver therapeutics to diseased tissue while minimizing off-target toxicity. However, delivery of these carriers is severely limited by numerous biological barriers, preventing therapies from reaching sufficient therapeutic concentrations. Carrier accumulation can be enhanced by incorporation of passive and active targeting, and/or stimuli-responsive elements to help steer the carrier to the appropriate diseased tissues, cells, and intracellular compartments. In this work, we seek to engineer new therapies to enhance targeting and delivery of cancer therapeutics by combining both active and passive targeting strategies. Part I motivates tumor-associated macrophages as immunotherapy targets (Chapter 1), leading into our first approach in which we identified a novel targeting ligand that binds to human tumor-associated macrophages and monocytes (Chapter 2). Part II discusses the challenges of peptide delivery in oncology applications (Chapter 3), prefacing our designed peptide-polymer conjugates that passively accumulate in tumors and respond to external pH to facilitate intracellular peptide delivery upon cellular internalization. Using this strategy, we designed a polymeric delivery system to safely deliver (Chapter 4) a variety of immunogenic peptides (Chapters 5, 6, and 7). Part III outlines the challenges in delivering therapeutics past the blood-brain barrier (Chapter 8), and reports the progress on the development of targeted nanoparticles for brain cancer treatment (Chapter 9).
This book explores in depth a wide range of functional biomaterials-based systems for drug, gene delivery, and biomedical aspects. The chapters cover newer technologies such as polymeric micelle, pH-responsive biomaterials, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, silk fibroin, inorganic biomaterials, synthetic biomaterials, 3D printed biomaterials, metallic biomaterials, ceramic and hybrid biomaterials. It also describes the theranostic approaches for cancer therapy, the biomaterials-based nanofibers scaffolds in tissue engineering, as well as the strategies applications of metallic biomaterials for the medical and dental prosthetic field. This newer and updated approach will be attractive for biomedical engineering students working on materials science in the development of novel drug delivery strategies. The book will be an important reference for researchers and professionals working on biomaterial research in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.
Biomaterials for Cancer Therapeutics: Evolution and Innovation, Second Edition, discusses the role and potential of biomaterials in treating this prevalent disease. The first part of the book discusses the fundamentals of biomaterials for cancer therapeutics. Part Two discusses synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics. Part Three focuses on theranosis and drug delivery systems, while the final set of chapters look at biomaterial therapies and cancer cell interaction. Cancer affects people of all ages, and approximately one in three people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Extensive research is being undertaken by many different institutions to explore potential new therapeutics, and biomaterials technology is being developed to target, treat and prevent cancer. Hence, this book is a welcomed resource to the discussion. Provides a complete overview of the latest research into the potential of biomaterials for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer Discusses how the properties of specific biomaterials make them important in cancer treatment Covers synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics
Most drugs are toxic to cells that often kill healthy cells and establish several side effects. Conventional chemotherapy cargoes are not tumor-specific and commonly their nature leads to significant toxic effects on healthy tissues. Therefore, several drug delivery systems (DDSs) were developed to amend the therapeutic properties of drugs and made them safer and more effective. Local drug delivery which decreases systemic drug exposure, is an important approach for maximal efficacy, high levels of patient compliance, and fewer side effects. Smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs) have gained much attention and paved the way for more effective treatment of patients. SDDSs with stimuli-responsive characteristics are determined as the process that the payloads are not released before reaching the target site. This triggered release occurs due to the variations in the nano/microcarrier chemistry and structure, in response to endogenous and/or exogenous stimulus, establishing the release of the cargoes to the exact place. Responsive and smart materials/biomaterials are responsive/sensitive to signals originating from physiological systems, or to abnormalities originating from pathological defects, that can interact with or be triggered by the biological environments, and are interesting in drug delivery platforms/devices for developing next-generation accurate medicines. In exogenous-triggered delivery, drug/gene release is controlled by external stimulus, which can be controlled exactly. Different exogenous triggers have been reported, such as light, magnetic field, temperature, electrical field, and ultrasound. The endogenous triggers such as pH, redox, enzyme concentration, and bio-molecules are related to the disease's pathological characteristics. Disease pathological characteristics are key parameters as physiological triggers for designing programmed delivery devices that may be used for the non-invasive and effective treatment of a wide range of pathological conditions such as cancer, infections, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, stroke, and chronic wounds, and degenerative diseases. Endogenously triggered drug release is the same as exogenously triggered drug release, which can lead to enhanced release of therapeutic molecules at the target place in its therapeutic concentration, reducing local toxicity and side effects, reducing the need for repeat administrations, and increasing patient compliance. Here, we focused on smart endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive biomaterials for programmed drug delivery. The conventional drug delivery systems are not without any limitations and challenges. One of the most important challenges is related to their degradability or insufficient biocompatibility of most materials which are used in smart delivery system. Another challenge is related to the using of 2D in vitro models or in vivo animal studies to evaluate the performance of these systems, and there is a poor relation between such results and human clinical trials. Thus, these incompatibilities can lead to the failing of the numerous smart systems in clinical studies. In this special issue, we focus on smart multi-responsive drug delivery systems that can address some challenges and drawbacks. Research paper, commutation (letter), mini-review and review are acceptable for publications in this special issue. Main topics: 1- Smart exogenous-triggered delivery systems 2- Smart endogenous-triggered delivery systems 3- Multi-responsive targeted vehicles 4- Stimuli-responsive niosomes and liposomes 5- Multifunctional biomaterials for cancer treatment 6- Smart 3D and 4D scaffolds for localized delivery systems
Cancer can affect people of all ages, and approximately one in three people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Extensive research is being undertaken by many different institutions to explore potential new therapeutics, and biomaterials technology is now being developed to target, treat and prevent cancer. This unique book discusses the role and potential of biomaterials in treating this prevalent disease.The first part of the book discusses the fundamentals of biomaterials for cancer therapeutics. Chapters in part two discuss synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics. Part three focusses on theranosis and drug delivery systems, whilst the final set of chapters look at biomaterial therapies and cancer cell interaction.This extensive book provides a complete overview of the latest research into the potential of biomaterials for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of cancer. Biomaterials for cancer therapeutics is an essential text for academics, scientists and researchers within the biomedical industry, and will also be of interest to clinicians with a research interest in cancer therapies and biomaterials. A complete overview of the latest research into the potential of biomaterials for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of cancer Discusses the fundamentals of biomaterials for cancer therapeutics Discusses synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics
Engineering of Biomaterials for Drug Delivery Systems: Beyond Polyethylene Glycol examines the combined issues of PEGylation and viable biomaterials as alternatives. With a strong focus on polymeric biomaterials, the book first reviews the major issues associated with PEGylation and its use in vivo. Chapters then focus on alternative polymer systems for drug delivery systems. Finally, nanoparticles and future perspectives are examined. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers in biomaterials, pharmaceuticals and nanotechnology, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in this field. Provides a self-contained work for the field of biomaterials for drug delivery Summarizes the current knowledge on PEGylation and strategies for bypassing it Presents research on an important, though under-represented issue in biomaterials Written by a world-class team of research scientists, engineers and clinicians
This book highlights recent advances focusing on the synthesis methods of engineered biomaterials and their applications. The book discusses recent applications of various approaches and technology in improving the functional properties and biological activities of biopolymers. It includes two major sections: the first section introduces a range of methods which lead to materials with enhanced properties for a range of practical applications, along with the positives and limitations of the techniques. The second section covers recent trends and advances in application of engineered biomaterials that assist materials scientists and researchers in mapping out the future of these new improved materials through value addition in order to enhance their use. Contributions in the book are done by prominent researchers from industry, academia, and government/private research laboratories across the globe. The book summarizes in a fairly comprehensive manner many of the recent technical advancements in the area of biopolymers. The book is intended to serve as a reference resource in the area of polymers science.
Comprehensively covering the applications of smart materials for clinical applications, this book will be a valuable resource to biochemists, materials scientists and biomedical engineers working in industry and academia.
Bioengineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment is written for an audience of senior undergraduate students and graduate students in mechanical, electrical and biomedical engineering fields and other professionals in medicine. It is ideally structured for teaching and for those who are working in cancer bioengineering or interdisciplinary projects. The book's authors bring a unique perspective from their expertise in immunology, nanobiomaterials and heat transfer. Topical coverage includes an introduction to the fundamentals of bioengineering and engineering approaches for cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment via case studies, and sections on imaging, immunotherapy, cell therapy, drug delivery, ultrasound and microfluidics in cancer treatment. Provides fully supported case studies relating to cancer diagnosis and therapy Pairs the basic fundamentals of engineering and biomedical engineering and applies them to the diagnosis of cancer