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Presented is an evaluation of engineering measures instituted in Virginia to reduce incidences of wrong-way driving. Also discussed are the data collected in a survey of wrong-way driving incidents, the causes of wrong-way entries determined through recent on-site investigations, and corrective measures for preventing them. Measures found highly effective were the installation of reflectorized pavement arrows on ramps and the elimination of corner flares at the junction of exit ramps and crossroads. Measures suggested for further reducing wrong-way entries are (1) continuing the pavement edge line across the exit ramp or placing the stop line very close to the crossroad such that it lies within the zone illuminated by the low beam headlights of a vehicle traveling the crossroads; (2) channelizing the crossover opposite the exit ramp; and (3) placing signs and pavement markings for high visibility and legibility at night under low beam headlights.
Over a four-year period beginning in 1970, wrong-way incidents and accidents on Virginia's interstate highways were reduced by 50% and those on non-interstate 4-lane divided highways by 70%. However, since 1975 an upward trend has been observed on interstate roads while the downward trend has continued on non-interstate roads. The report discusses engineering measures taken to reduce wrong-way driving; namely, the use of reflectorized pavement arrows on ramps, the elimination of pavement flares, the provision of stop lines across exit ramps near their junction with crossroads, continuation of the pavement edge line across exit ramps, continuation of double-yellow lines on 2-lane divided crossroads opposite exit ramps, reduction of the width of crossovers across exit ramps, additional guidance to local drivers on new interchanges, informing the driver of the geometry of the intersection before he enters it, and providing guidance for drivers at T-intersections without a crossover.
A new way forward for sustainable quality of life in cities of all sizes Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Build American Prosperity is a book of forward-thinking ideas that breaks with modern wisdom to present a new vision of urban development in the United States. Presenting the foundational ideas of the Strong Towns movement he co-founded, Charles Marohn explains why cities of all sizes continue to struggle to meet their basic needs, and reveals the new paradigm that can solve this longstanding problem. Inside, you’ll learn why inducing growth and development has been the conventional response to urban financial struggles—and why it just doesn’t work. New development and high-risk investing don’t generate enough wealth to support itself, and cities continue to struggle. Read this book to find out how cities large and small can focus on bottom-up investments to minimize risk and maximize their ability to strengthen the community financially and improve citizens’ quality of life. Develop in-depth knowledge of the underlying logic behind the “traditional” search for never-ending urban growth Learn practical solutions for ameliorating financial struggles through low-risk investment and a grassroots focus Gain insights and tools that can stop the vicious cycle of budget shortfalls and unexpected downturns Become a part of the Strong Towns revolution by shifting the focus away from top-down growth toward rebuilding American prosperity Strong Towns acknowledges that there is a problem with the American approach to growth and shows community leaders a new way forward. The Strong Towns response is a revolution in how we assemble the places we live.
Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Reducing the number of these tragedies requires reframing our approach to vehicle- and human-based transportation mobility and depends on whether the mobility industry and individual human drivers take a more aggressive approach to saving lives and preventing injuries. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs). Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems discusses the recent Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety report which shows that ADAS can indeed work. The path forward requires combining ADAS and ADS implementation with infrastructure engineering, law enforcement, education, emergency response, and public policy, with the goal of reaching zero deaths and serious injuries. It also requires fully embracing the US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration’s Safe System approach, backed by the addition of public policies that incorporate and expand ADAS’s role in achieving that safe system. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2023016
"[This report] is a handbook to help reduce the risk of wrong-way driving crashes. The handbook was developed on the basis of a systematic literature review, collection and analysis of wrong-way driving incident and crash data, and evaluation of a range of relevant traffic control devices and other technologies. The handbook provides evidence-based information to support implementation of traffic control devices, advanced technologies, geometric design features, and education and enforcement strategies to significantly reduce the number of wrong-way driving incidents and crashes on freeways and divided highways. This handbook will be of interest to state departments of transportation and other stakeholders concerned with reducing the number of wrong-way driving incidents and crashes that occur on freeways and divided highways." -- foreword