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The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of France's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that French energy policy - traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement - has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles. Note : Les "Conclusions et recommandations-Synthèse" (9 pages) sont en français dans la publication.
French energy policy - traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement - has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles. France has established a sound framework for its liberalised electricity and natural gas markets, including independent transmission/transportation companies, an energy regulator and third-party network access. It has opened markets in line with EU Directives and is transforming the statutes of the state-owned utilities to those of ordinary companies. The next step is to examine how incumbent market power and government options to influence the generation portfolio might affect competition. France is encouraged to finalise the new Climate Plan and to implement its policies as soon as possible. The government has already announced a number of ambitious programmes to cut emissions, including targets for renewable energy production and energy efficiency and ways to cut CO2 emissions by 75% by 2050. It should proceed with these programmes, among them the promising White Certificates system for energy efficiency, while fully analysing their costs and benefits. France has wisely opted to keep its nuclear option open by maintaining its technical resources in this field and considering a new EPR "demonstration" unit. This plant should be developed under market conditions.
French energy policy - traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement - has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles.
The International Energy Agency's periodic review of France's energy policies and programmes. This 2010 edition finds that the energy policy of France seeks to achieve a balance between the environmentally responsible production and use of energy, the growth and competitiveness of the economy, and secure and competitively priced energy and infrastructure. To meet these objectives, the French government in 2007 launched an impressive environmental programme, Grenelle de l'Environnement, which sets ambitious targets, particularly in the buildings and transport sectors. The government has also made commendable efforts in enhancing gas supply security and forwarding initiatives to expand infrastructure and interconnections with neighbouring countries. These efforts should make regional electricity and gas markets more stable and secure. In the nuclear power sector, France has created an independent Nuclear Safety Authority and established a comprehensive framework for managing all kinds of radioactive waste and materials. Notwithstanding its policy successes, France faces a number of challenges. Its targets aimed at combating climate change are very ambitious. While greenhouse gas emissions in France are lower than the average among IEA countries due to the important role in electricity generation of nuclear power, emissions in the transport and buildings sectors increased from 1990 to 2008. Effective implementation of the announced policies and measures will be imperative for meeting France's international and national commitments. In the electricity sector, the co-existence of regulated tariffs and market prices may impede mobilising the investment needed for maintenance and life extensions of nuclear power plants. The country also needs to boost the flexibility of electricity networks in order to achieve a structural balance between base load generation and increasing demand for peak-load. This review analyses the energy challenges facing France and provides sectoral critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements.
This annual review analyses energy policy and market trends of the member countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA). It provides an overview of developments in energy security; energy market reform; climate change policies; renewables sector; technology, research and development. The publication presents summaries of the in-depth country reviews of Denmark, Germany, Greece, Korea, Norway, the UK and the United States carried out during 2001-02. Shorter standard reviews of Canada, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden are also included, as well as an overview of developments in non-member countries including China, India, Russia, Argentina and Brazil. Energy balances and key energy statistics for all IEA countries are given.