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The title of national hero is bestowed upon Indonesian citizens who have made significant contributions to the country. The designation of Indonesian national hero is a form of appreciation to commemorate the struggle against colonialism. Sulawesi itself has a long and rich history of fighting for Indonesia's independence. Therefore, Sulawesi has numerous figures recognized as National Heroes. Some of these heroes from Sulawesi are even immortalized by having streets and government buildings named after them in Sulawesi. The national heroes from Sulawesi engaged in various forms of struggle, whether through youth movements, politics, or the military. Through this encyclopedia, we will explore the lives and struggles of various National Heroes from Sulawesi, spanning from the Dutch colonial period to the era of Indonesian independence and beyond.
Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity and extraordinary history. One unforgettable chapter is the bravery of Indonesian heroes who fought to defend the independence and integrity of the nation. Among them is a hero from Kalimantan, who fought hard and made significant sacrifices for the Indonesian people. From this vast and fertile region, heroes were born who not only played a role in the struggle for independence but also in advancing the nation. This book discusses the encyclopedia of national heroes from Kalimantan.
Indonesia has numerous national heroes who have made significant contributions to the struggle for the country's independence. One region that has produced many heroes is Java, an island located in the central part of Indonesia. National heroes from Java have played a crucial role in the Indonesian independence movement and various aspects of life in present-day Indonesia. This book will discuss several national hero figures from Java who have made substantial contributions to the struggle of the Indonesian nation.
This comprehensive compilation of entries documents the origins, transmissions, and transformations of Asian American folklore and folklife. Equally instructive and intriguing, the Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife provides an illuminating overview of Asian American folklore as a way of life. Surveying the histories, peoples, and cultures of numerous Asian American ethnic and cultural groups, the work covers everything from ancient Asian folklore, folktales, and folk practices that have been transmitted and transformed in America to new expressions of Asian American folklore and folktales unique to the Asian American historical and contemporary experiences. The encyclopedia's three comprehensive volumes cover an extraordinarily wide range of Asian American cultural and ethnic groups, as well as mixed-race and mixed-heritage Asian Americans. Each group section is introduced by a historical overview essay followed by short entries on topics such as ghosts and spirits, clothes and jewelry, arts and crafts, home decorations, family and community, religious practices, rituals, holidays, music, foodways, literature, traditional healing and medicine, and much, much more. Topics and theories are examined from crosscultural and interdisciplinary perspectives to add to the value of the work.
National heroes from Java are figures who played significant roles in the struggle for Indonesia's independence and the advancement of the nation. They are individuals who courageously took steps to confront colonizers and fought for the rights of the Indonesian people. These national heroes from Java also contributed to the progress of education and culture in Indonesia, as well as advocated for the social and economic rights of the people. This book will discuss several national hero figures from Java who have made substantial contributions to the struggle of the Indonesian nation.
A wide-ranging and detailed investigation of folk heroes, both fictional and historical, from the earliest times to the present, taken from societies throughout the world as they exist in folktales, folksongs, customs, speech, and other folklore genres. From Paul Bunyan to Stagolee, from Queen Mab to the Tooth Fairy, every culture has created folk heroes. But as often as not, these "heroes of the people" accomplish their goals with methods that are anything but heroic—like the American liar hero Davy Crockett, or Galloping Jones, the Australian drinker and bank robber. Then there's the Irishman Finn Mac Cumhal, whose heroism, like that of Rip Van Winkle, was based on oversleeping. In this new collection, readers will enjoy a wildly colorful parade of nearly 400 thieves, tricksters, simpletons, and dragon slayers from around the world. Despite appearances, these "heroes" perform a crucial social function: they allow us to question what is right and what is wrong, to challenge what is legal and what is illegal, to deal with who has power and who does not, and to manage the contradictions and conflicts inherent in all cultures.
For a full list of entries and contributors, sample entries, and more, visit the Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women website. Featuring comprehensive global coverage of women's issues and concerns, from violence and sexuality to feminist theory, the Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women brings the field into the new millennium. In over 900 signed A-Z entries from US and Europe, Asia, the Americas, Oceania, and the Middle East, the women who pioneered the field from its inception collaborate with the new scholars who are shaping the future of women's studies to create the new standard work for anyone who needs information on women-related subjects.
The International Encyclopedia of Primatology represents the first comprehensive encyclopedic reference focusing on the behaviour, biology, ecology, evolution, genetics, and taxonomy of human and non-human primates. Represents the first comprehensive encyclopedic reference relating to primatology Features more than 450 entries covering topics ranging from the taxonomy, history, behaviour, ecology, captive management and diseases of primates to their use in research, cognition, conservation, and representations in literature Includes coverage of the basic scientific concepts that underlie each topic, along with the latest advances in the field Highly accessible to undergraduate and graduate students in primatology, anthropology, and the medical, biological and zoological sciences Essential reference for academics, researchers and commercial and conservation organizations This work is also available as an online resource at www.encyclopediaofprimatology.com
Presents articles on over 240 major cities around the world including demographic information, history, politics, public systems, culture, social life and future outlook.