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Hiv (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Is A Virus That Causes Aids (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), A Health Condition In Which A Person Is Affected By A Series Of Diseases Because Of Poor Immunity. Hiv By Itself Is Not An Illness And Does Not Instantly Lead To Aids. An Hiv Infected Person Can Lead A Healthy Life For Several Years Before S/He Develops Aids. As The Name, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Indicates, Aids Is A Health Condition That Results From The Deficiency In The Body S Immunity Following Hiv Infection. Hiv Attacks The Human Body By Breaking Down Its Immune System That Is Meant To Fight Diseases. Over A Period Of Time, The Immune System Weakens And The Body Loses Its Natural Ability To Fight Diseases. At This Stage, Various Diseases Affect The Infected Person. India Has Among The Highest Number Of Persons Living With Hiv/Aids In The World Today, Although The Overall Prevalence Remains Low. There Are More Than 5.1 Million Individuals Infected With Hiv In India Of Over 1 Billion People (Unaids 2003). The Total Number Of Aids Cases In 2002 Was Estimated To Be About 550,000. Seven States Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, And Nagaland Already Have Generalized Epidemics, As Indicated By A 1 Percent Or Higher Prevalence Rate Among Pregnant Women In Prenatal Clinics.This Encyclopaedic Work Encompasses All Vital Information On Hiv/Aids, Its Causes And Prevention And Control. The Facts Are Supported By Vital Statistics.
There is no controversy, whatsoever, over the enormity of problems in relation to HIV and AIDS on the social, clinical, public health and on the economic frontiers. Globally, since the first AIDS case was detected in USA in 1981, the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues its expansion across the globe with approx. 16000 new infections a day. The most rapidly spreading virulent virus infection and its related syndromes are yet the most misunderstood issues in Science. With numerous research material, documents surveillance and study reports from all over the world, a compilation of the facts and figures in the form of an encyclopaedia is need of the time. Readers may send their opinions, comments, and to the Editor on the subject for incorporating in the future editions. Their contribution will be duly acknowledged by me. About The Author: - Dr. G.C. Satpathy, belongs to new millennium general of popular science writers and editors, with numerous articles in English, Hindi and Oriya, and five books to his credit. Professionally a Physician and associated with Central Reserve Police Force Since three decades, Dr. Satpathy is recipient of Pt Govind Ballab Pant Award and President's Police Medal. His popular books are Healthcare in Indian Police Forces (also in Hindi), AIDS Transmission: Challenges in the New Millennium, Modern Biology, Micro and Nerobiology, etc. He is currently posted in the Base Hospital of CRPF at Guwahati, Assam. Contents: - Contents, Preface 9, Acknowledgements 11, Our Distinguished Panel of Advisers 13, Introduction 15, PART-I: ORIGIN AND CAUSES, 1. Origin of AIDS 25, Primary Cases: The US, Africa, Europe and Haiti, Testing of Samples of Old Blood Testing of Blood in, the Tropics Back-Tracking the AIDs Virus HIV:, Survival of the Virus Reporting Scientific, Contemplation Epidemic Diseases: The Origin of, Syphilis The Theories of AIDS Origin The Connection, with Haiti Blaming the Haitians Battle of the Blood, Tests: An Old African Disease., 2. Th
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumours. The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. AIDS was first reported on June 5, 1981, AIDS stigma exists around the world in a variety of ways, including ostracism, rejection, discrimination and avoidance of HIV infected people; compulsory HIV testing without prior consent or protection of confidentiality; violence against HIV infected individuals or people who are perceived to be infected with HIV; and the quarantine ot HIV infected individuals. The most important way to change risky behaviour is health education. Education itself does not work, only it leads to higher health literacy and general cognitive ability. Education is the best investment, any society can make for the health and well-being of its children, as well as its economic and social progress. Education is development. It creates choices and opportunities for people, reduces the twin burdens of poverty and diseases and gives a stronger voice in society. The book aims to provide the fundamental aspects of education in HIV/AIDS.
This up-to-date, two-volume work provides A-Z coverage of all topics related to sexually transmitted disease, ranging from anatomy to modern legal and social implications to past and present methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Sexually transmittable diseases are a sensitive and embarrassing subject. Many sexually transmitted diseases are silent, providing no symptoms until they cause serious medical problems. But with one in four Americans over the age of fourteen being infected with a sexually transmitted infection, the topic of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is a highly relevant health issue. This work contains over 230 entries that span the history and wide range of topics regarding STDs, from the birth of condoms over 3,000 years ago through discovery of the infectious agents and the invention of effective vaccines to the legal and societal implications of STDs. This two-volume encyclopedia investigates the spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases and related topics and issues, describing their microscopic origins, the chronology of research and medical treatment, the body parts affected, and the modern-day methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of spread. Additionally, this work addresses legal implications of disease transmission, psychosocial impacts, as well as long-term medical consequences such as potential infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and chronic pelvic pain.
In-depth information regarding the social impacts as well as implications of HIV infection is provided in this comprehensive book. The past few decades have seen a steep rise in HIV-infections and continuous research efforts for new drugs to treat the millions of people that live with HIV-AIDS. Since HIV-AIDS cannot be cured, but only controlled with drugs, and the Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment itself results in some undesirable outcomes, it has become necessary to create wider awareness regarding the problems faced by people living with this condition. This book is an effort to present knowledge regarding the initiatives that have been undertaken, successfully or unsuccessfully, to both prevent and fight this 'pandemic', taking into consideration the social, economic, cultural and educational conditions involving individuals, communities and countries affected by it.
From the dynamics of interpersonal communication between health professionals and clients to global command-and-control during public health emergencies that cross international borders, the field of health communication bridges many disciplines and involves efforts from the micro to the macro. It involves navigating personal, cultural, and political complexities and an ability to distill complex technical science into quickly and easily understood terms for ready distribution by the mass media--or to an individual patient or to the parent of an ailing child. Despite an abundance of textbooks, specialized monographs, and academic handbooks, this is the first encyclopedic reference work in this area, covering the breadth of theory and research on health communication, as well as their practical application. Features: Nearly 600 original articles are organized A-to-Z within a three-volume set to provide comprehensive coverage of this exciting field, including such topics as theories and research traditions; evaluation and assessment; cultural complexities; high risk and special populations; message design and campaigns; provider/patient interaction issues; media issues; and more. All articles were specifically commissioned for this work, signed and authored by key figures in the field, and conclude with cross reference links and suggestions for further reading. Appendices include a Resource Guide with annotated lists of classic books and articles, journals, associations, and web sites; a Glossary of specialized terms; and a Chronology offering an overview and history of the field. A thematic Reader’s Guide groups related articles by broad topic areas as one handy search feature on the e-Reference platform, which also includes a comprehensive index of search terms. This A-to-Z three-volume reference is available in both print and online formats and is a must-have for libraries and researchers who seek comprehensive coverage of the theory, research, and applications of health communication. Key Themes: Community Health Issues End-of-Life Issues Evaluation of Health Intervention, Health Education, Health Communication Everyday and Family Health Communication Issues Health Campaigns Health Communication, International and Diversity Issues Health Information History of Health Communication Media Content Organizational Issues and Health Policy Provider–Patient Interaction Public Health Communication Specific Health Issues/Providers Technology Theories, Ethics, Philosophy, and Overriding Methodological Issues
From terrorism to social inequality and from health care to environmental issues, social problems affect us all. The Encyclopedia will offer an interdisciplinary perspective into these and many other social problems that are a continuing concern in our lives, whether we confront them on a personal, local, regional, national, or global level.
Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.