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As the costs of medical care have skyrocketed, so has the amount of money lost to fraudulent health insurance providers. These bogus operations typically victimize individuals on the lower end of the socioeconomic scale who then face staggering medical bills without coverage. Robert Tillman shows how market conditions and weak regulatory structures have allowed these crimes to occur, and cites recent institutional and legal changes that have created both new demands for insurance and greater opportunities for fraud. He also analyzes the political and economic climate that enables these criminal practices to flourish. Drawing on court documents, congressional hearings, and actual cases, Tillman provides numerous examples of the three most prevalent forms of fraud: scams involving multiple employer welfare arrangements, employee leasing schemes, and fictitious labor unions. He also examines recent innovations in insurance fraud such as "24-hour plans" and coverage offered by dubious religious organizations. With the regulation of health insurance currently in chaos, Broken Promises offers a critical examination of this insidious form of white-collar crime. It is a timely book that raises important questions about the definition of insurance and consumer protection.
Workplace pensions are a vital part of Canada’s retirement income system, but these plans have reached a state of crisis as a result of their low coverage and inadequate, insecure, and unequally distributed benefits. Reviewing pension plans through a legal and historical lens, Empty Promises reveals the paradoxical effects and inevitable failure of a pension system built on the interests of employers rather than employees. Elizabeth Shilton examines the evolution of pension law in Canada from the 1870s to the early twenty-first century, highlighting the foreseeably futile struggle of legislators to create and sustain employees’ pension rights without undermining employers’ incentives. The current system gives employers considerable discretion and control in pension design and administration. Shilton appeals for a model that is not hostage to business interests. She recommends replacing today’s employer-controlled systems with pensions shaped by the public interest, expanding mandatory broad-based or state-pension systems such as the Canada Pension Plan to generate pensions that respond to the changing workplace and address the needs and interests of retirees. Engaging with the long-running debate on whether Canadians should look to government or to the private sector for retirement income security, Empty Promises is a crucial work concerned with the future of the Canadian retirement system.
This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the German Conference on Bioinformatics, GCB'96, held in Leipzig, Germany, in September/October 1996. The volume presents 18 revised full papers together with three invited papers; these contributions were selected after a second round of reviewing from the 91 conference presentations. The book addresses current issues in computational biology and biologically inspired computing. The papers are organized in sections on biological and metabolic pathways, sequence analysis, molecular modeling, visualization, and formal languages, and DNA.