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Helping low-income families in rural areas find gainful employment and achieve economic self-sufficiency is an ongoing policy concern. The Rural Welfare-to-Work Strategies demonstration is using rigorous experimental designs to build knowledge about how to help low-income families in rural areas strive toward sustained employment and self-sufficiency. This report examines an employment-focused case management initiative deployed in southern Illinois. Despite a lack of impacts on employment, earnings, and self-sufficiency, the findings imply a need for stronger interventions in rural areas and demonstrate the challenges inherent in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs in these types of settings. The following are appended: (1) Survey Data Collection and Weighting Methods; (2) Additional Cost Study Analysis: Costs by Program Component; and (3) Supplemental Figures and Tables. (Contains 16 tables and 11 figures.).
The list of references in this volume was prepared to help our current research workers in the study of levels of living of farm families in the United States.
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Responsibility Act of 1996 (PRWORA) and the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) were two legislative attempts to create the skilled workforce necessary to meet the nation's concerns of improving skills of welfare clients and to meet employer needs. The cornerstone of the legislation was the measurement of self-sufficiency defined within the legislation as decreased welfare caseloads through increased employment of welfare clients. The purpose of a secondary analysis of the "Illinois study of former TANF clients" (2000) was to expand the analysis of previously collected data to determine self-sufficiency outcomes of TANF-leavers in rural areas of Illinois. Rural was defined by the four areas identified within the "Illinois Study of former TANF Clients" (Julnes & Halter, 2000). Both administrative data and survey data were used to evaluate self-sufficiency outcomes of rural Illinois' clients who left the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program (TANF-leavers) between July 1997 and December 1998. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the rate of poverty increased and income decreased the further south in Illinois the county is located. The data demonstrated differences between rural and downstate metro TANF-leavers in demographic characteristics, particularly marriage status and ethnicity, earnings and occupations and in elements of overall well-being. The study confirmed that few rural and downstate metro TANF-leavers participated in training and education programs. This was consistent with the work-first philosophy of the Illinois TANF program. According to survey responses, TANF-leavers did not believe that additional education or training would be beneficial. Both rural and downstate metro TANF-leavers reported that they continued to receive non-financial types of welfare such as medical assistance and food stamps after they left TANF. Rural TANF-leavers reported the lack of medical insurance and health status as a concern. In addition, rural TANF-leavers indicated a higher incidence of abusive relationships.
Rural Families and Work focuses on the findings of the Rural Families Speak research study and the theoretical frameworks that are utilized to examine the context of rural low-income families’ employment. This volume provides a solid foundation for understanding rural employment problems and issues. Family ecological theory is the central framework with a discussion of theories that contribute to the opportunities for the contextual research, including family economic stress theory, human capital, human capability, and some selected policy frameworks. Employment is addressed through review of policy issues, community contexts, family and social support, and available resources. Throughout the volume future research directions and applications are highlighted.