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This report presents information regarding the patterns of variation in the salaries paid to public and private school teachers in relation to various personal and job characteristics. Specifically, the analysis examines the relationship between compensation and variables such as public/private schools, gender, race/ethnic background, school level and type, teacher qualifications, and different work environments. The economic conceptual framework of hedonic wage theory, which illuminates the trade-offs between monetary rewards and the various sets of characteristics of employees and jobs, was used to analyze The Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) database. The national survey was administered by the National Center for Education Statistics during the 1987-88, 1990-91, and 1993-94 school years. Findings indicate that on average, public school teachers earned between about 25 to 119 percent higher salaries than did private school teachers, depending on the private subsector. Between about 2 and 50 percent of the public-private difference could be accounted for by differences in teacher characteristics, depending on the private subsector. White and Hispanic male public school teachers earned higher salaries than their female counterparts. Hedonic wage theory would predict that teacher salaries would be higher in schools with more challenging, more difficult, and less desirable work environments. Schools with higher levels of student violence, lower levels of administrative support, and large class sizes paid higher salaries to compensate teachers for the additional burdens. However, some of the findings contradict the hypothesis. For example, public school teachers working in schools characterized by fewer family problems, higher levels of teacher influence on policy, and higher job satisfaction also received higher salaries. In conclusion, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that a complex array of factors underlie the processes of teacher supply and demand and hence the determination of salaries. Teachers are not all the same, but are differentiated by their attributes. At the same time, districts and schools are differentiated by virtue of the work environment they offer. Seventeen tables and two figures are included. Appendices contain technical notes, descriptive statistics and parameter estimates for variables, and standard errors for selected tables. (Contains 84 references.) (LMI)
Includes the decisions and orders of the Board, a table of cases, and a cross reference index from the advance sheet numbers to the volume page numbers.
Received document entitled: PETITIONER'S OPENING BRIEF
Family involvement in education is good for business, critical to children's school achievement, and important in creating strong and vibrant communities. This report discusses the role of businesses and employers in helping partners and family members be more involved in children's learning. Throughout the report, programs at specific companies are highlighted. The introduction, "Better Education Is Everybody's Business," notes that President Clinton's "Call to Action for American Education in the 21st Century" provides a focus for needed changes in education, while encouraging local initiative and business involvement. The next chapter, "Business' Bottom Line," discusses how employers can support employees who need to balance the demands of work and home and the research indicating that parents have a powerful influence on students. The third chapter, "Integration of Work, Family and Education," discusses company policies that support family and employee involvement in education, including flextime, part-time work options, telecommuting, and time off for school activities. This chapter also discusses how companies support families through worksite and offsite programs, including child care programs, employer-sponsored seminars, parenting and training programs, family support and information groups, resource and referral services, newsletters and Web sites, and literacy training for adults. The fourth chapter, "Community Based Efforts," notes that employers are providing resources, funding special school projects, establishing volunteer/mentor programs at many schools, and initiating public awareness campaigns about the importance of education and parent involvement. The report concludes with a discussion of the Partnership for Family Involvement in Education, an initiative to promote children's learning through the development of family-school-community partnerships. A Statement of Commitment is included, which employers can fill out and mail to the Partnership for Family Involvement in Education. Contains 14 references and a resource list of organizations, programs, and companies. (LPP)