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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Companies located all around the world increasingly utilize stock options as a means of compensation for employees. Despite their widespread use it is still unknown why employee stock option plans are adopted, how their effectiveness is defined, and what influences their effectiveness. This master s thesis reports on an exploratory study undertaken on a sample of employees of the German IT company Network Appliance GmbH intended to answer exactly these questions. The aim of this study was to explore in an in-depth, descriptive fashion, the perspectives of employees receiving stock options as part of their compensation as they are as participants in the process - best situated to provide insights into the practical implications on the use and effectiveness of employee stock options. The qualitative methodology of the study allowed for the opinions and experiences of the employees to be heard and a rich picture of their perceptions on employee stock options was attained. The qualitative content analysis revealed a number of goals, which are associated with employees perceptions on why employee stock options are a part of their compensation, and which factors influence these goals effectiveness. An exploratory model of the use and effectiveness of employee stock options has been deducted from these findings, which enables managers and researchers to obtain a better understanding of this means of compensation. Even though research on compensation structures is typically explained by agency theory, the findings of this thesis suggest that no single theory provides a comprehensive explanation of the use and effectiveness of ESOs. Although the existence of a gap between employee and shareholder interests may lead some companies to adopt an employee stock option plan as suggested by agency theory, it is unlikely to be the only reason. Reality seems to be more complex than anticipated by guiding theory in this stream of research, therefore this study suggests that several theoretical frameworks complementing each other, such as human resource management, social exchange, tournament, social comparison, expectancy, managerial discretion, an institutional theory, are needed to fully grasp the use and effectiveness of employee stock options. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: Management SummaryII ReferencesIII Table of ContentsVIII 1.Introduction1 1.1Introduction1 1.2Problem indication1 1.3Problem2 1.4Research [...]
A comprehensive guide to understanding the implications andapplications of valuing employee stock options in light of the newFAS 123 requirements Due to the new requirements of the Proposed Statement of FinancialAccounting Standards (FAS 123) released by the Financial AccountingStandards Board (FASB)-namely the fact that employee servicesreceived in exchange for equity instruments be recognized infinancial statements-companies are now scrambling to learn how tovalue and expense employee stock options (ESOs). Based on authorDr. Johnathan Mun's consulting and advisory work with the FASBconsulting projects with several Fortune 500 firms, ValuingEmployee Stock Options provides readers with a comprehensive lookat this complex issue. Filled with valuable information on binomial lattice andclosed-form modeling techniques, Valuing Employee Stock Options canhelp financial professionals make informed decisions whenattempting to ascertain the fair-market value of ESOs under the newrequirements. Johnathan Mun, PhD, MBA, MS, CFC, FRM (San Francisco, CA), is VicePresident of Analytical Services at Decisioneering, Inc., themakers of Crystal Ball analytical software. He is also the authorof Applied Risk Analysis (0-471-47885-7), Real Options Analysis(0-471-25696-X), and Real Options Analysis Course (0-471-43001-3),all of which are published by Wiley.
Detailed attention to compliance with labour and employment laws is crucial for success in setting up business in a foreign country. This book – one of a series derived from Kluwer’s matchless publication International Labour and Employment Compliance Handbook – focuses on the relevant laws and regulations in Germany. It is thoroughly practical in orientation. Employers and their counsel can be assured that it fulfills the need for accurate and detailed knowledge of laws in Germany on all aspects of employment, from recruiting to termination, working conditions, compensation and benefits to collective bargaining. The volume proceeds in a logical sequence through such topics as the following: • written and oral contracts • interviewing and screening • evaluations and warnings • severance pay • reductions in force • temporary workers • trade union rights • wage and hour laws • employee benefits • workers’ compensation • safety and environmental regulations • immigration law compliance • restrictive covenants • anti-discrimination laws • employee privacy rights • dispute resolution • recordkeeping requirements A wealth of practical features such as checklists of do’s and don’ts, step-by-step compliance measures, applicable fines and penalties, and much more contribute to the book’s day-to-day usefulness. Easy to understand for lawyers and non-lawyers alike, this book is sure to be welcomed by business executives and human resources professionals, as well as by corporate counsel and business lawyers.
Florian Wolff analyses how executives perceive their stock options and how their personal expectations and risk preferences affect the value they assign to them. He shows that stock options may be worth their money because people behave irrationally.
This publication is the tenth edition of the full version of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital. This full version contains the full text of the Model Tax Convention as it read on 21 November 2017, including the Articles, Commentaries, non-member economies’ positions, ...
World Law Group Series Volume 4 Although the economic downturns of 2001 and 2002 have threatened to dampen enthusiasm for employee equity participation in business enterprises, such plans continue to be offered by employers in nearly all major national jurisdictions. The time is ripe, in fact, to clarify and elucidate the legal complexities of extending such plans across borders to employees working in other countries. This is the first book to provide in-depth, country-by-country coverage of the national law issues that must be considered by an employer implementing (or considering the implementation of) a multinational employee equity plan. For each of thirty countries, International Employee Equity Plans presents a detailed survey of applicable law, trends, and customs affecting employee participation. Each chapter is written by practicing employment lawyers in that particular jurisdiction, ensuring that the critical issues, potential pitfalls, and likely changes are incisively dealt with. Among the matters described and analysed for each country are the following: the most advantageous (and disadvantageous) types of plans; relevant securities offering rules; all legal compliance steps; available exemptions and reliefs and the conditions upon which they are offered; the fine line between and¿informingand¿ and and¿advisingand¿; taxation of employee benefits and other tax rules; and the extent to which local courts will recognize foreign law in all pertinent matters. The wealth of guidance and information in this book will help many more organisations to follow the lead of those companies that have already achieved remarkable success in this important area of international business. Legal practitioners, in-house counsel, human resources executives and others involved in implementing employee equity plans have here a detailed and user-friendly handbook covering the most important jurisdictions. The World Law Group is a network of independent law firms located in most of the world's major commercial cities. Each World Law Group memebr firm has been selected for its excellent business reputation, its dept of commitment to international practice and its ability to assist other member firms in their national dealings. For more information, please visit http://www.theworldlawgroup.com.
This book offers a comparative insight into the labour law systems of Germany and Canada, two countries with different legal traditions and approaches. It examines how in Germany a highly centralised system with clear legal requirements offers employees extensive rights and protections, while Canada has a decentralised, more flexible structure of labour law due to its federal structure. Particular emphasis is placed on the federal principle in Canada, where the provinces and territories set their own labour law standards. This decentralisation leads to considerable differences in regulations on minimum wages, working hours, protection against dismissal and holiday entitlements - depending on the region in question. The book shows the consequences of this diversity and highlights the advantages, such as adaptability to regional needs, but also the challenges associated with this legal fragmentation, such as the difficulty of enforcing the law and the mobility of workers. The detailed comparison shows how strongly employee rights in Germany are protected by statutory regulations and collective co-determination, while in Canada greater flexibility for employers and a stronger role for individual employment contracts dominate. This work is aimed at those affected and anyone wishing to gain a sound understanding of the differences and similarities between these two systems - and how these differences influence the dynamics of labour markets, the relationship between employers and employees and social security in both countries.
Germany’s economic performance has been strong for the past decade, but external factors and structural challenges are now weighing on growth. The export-dependent economy has been hit by the recent slowdown in global demand, while medium-term growth is expected to fall due to low productivity growth and adverse demographics. External imbalances remain large, partly reflecting rising top income inequality, macro-financial vulnerabilities are rising, and the financial sector continues to suffer from weak profitability. Still, fundamentals are sound, with public and private balance sheets remaining healthy, and the unemployment rate at record lows. Inflation is subdued, but wage growth is continuing to pick up, reflecting the strength of the labor market and increasingly binding capacity constraints.
In this exciting volume, a diverse and accomplished group of scholars work to integrate theories of institutions with strategic management. The research they present examines a wide range of industrial contexts, ranging from American retailing at the end of the nineteenth century, to German tax law at the beginning of the twenty-first.