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In an increasingly impacted environment influenced by emerging technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence, such technologies will also impact the use and control of medical devices. Regulation of such medical devices can adopt regulatory techniques which apply in the field of financial reporting and in this respect it, is particularly helpful to make reference to the Centre for Audit Quality's framework which has five key components:I. Control EnvironmentII. Risk AssessmentIII. Control ActivitiesIV. Information and CommunicationV. MonitoringIn designing an appropriate system for regulating emerging technologies, challenges presented as a result of implementing those technologies, and which constitute and generate the greatest levels of concerns for industry experts and professionals, include; skills and expertise required to operate those technologies, as well as concerns relating to those risks emanating from cyber risks.Designing tool and techniques which can accommodate and adapt to - as well as ensure that enterprise programs and systems are able to align with the demands presented by emerging technologies, back up plans, namely internal control measures should constitute or rather, also embody part of the fore of concerns.This paper aims to contribute to the extant literature on the topic by identifying legal and regulatory issues relating to emerging technologies - as well as address the impact and challenges of emerging technologies on current legal and regulatory requirements.As remarked by the UK Prime Minister on the 24th September 2019 at the United Nations General Assembly, “Designs of emerging technologies should incorporate freedom, openness and pluralism - designs shaped by our values. New advances should reflect our values by design; freedom and control, regulation and transparency..... There is need to agree a common set of principles that will guide emerging technologies, ethical and responsible technologies.”Hence in addition to the above mentioned objectives, this paper also aims to highlight how a common and multilateral set of agreed principles, shaped by ethical fundamental values, can be adopted to facilitate the advent of emerging technologies.
Regulators have been more permissive for medical devices compared to their drug and biologic counterparts. While innovative products can thereby reach consumers more quickly, this approach raises serious public health and safety concerns. Additionally, the nature of medical devices is rapidly changing, as software has become as important as hardware. Regulation must keep pace with the current developments and controversies of this technology. This volume provides a multidisciplinary evaluation of the ethical, legal, and regulatory concerns surrounding medical devices in the US and EU. For medical providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders, the book offers a framework for the opportunities and challenges on the horizon for medical device regulation. Readers will gain a nuanced overview of the latest developments in patient privacy and safety, innovation, and new regulatory laws. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This report discusses the need for an integrated and cyclical approach to managing health technology in order to mitigate clinical and financial risks, and ensure acceptable value for money. The analysis considers how health systems and policy makers should adapt in terms of development, assessment and uptake of health technologies. The first chapter provides an examination of adoption and impact of medical technology in the past and how health systems are preparing for continuation of such trends in the future. Subsequent chapters examine the need to balance innovation, value, and access for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, respectively, followed by a consideration of their combined promise in the area of precision medicine. The final chapter examines how health systems can make better use of health data and digital technologies. The report focuses on opportunities linked to new and emerging technologies as well as current challenges faced by policy makers, and suggests a new governance framework to address these challenges.
In the past 50 years the development of a wide range of medical devices has improved the quality of people's lives and revolutionized the prevention and treatment of disease, but it also has contributed to the high cost of health care. Issues that shape the invention of new medical devices and affect their introduction and use are explored in this volume. The authors examine the role of federal support, the decision-making process behind private funding, the need for reforms in regulation and product liability, the effects of the medical payment system, and other critical topics relevant to the development of new devices.
In recent times the need for improving regulatory controls and finding ways to improve the quality and access to safe medical devices has increased. The Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC was enforced to provide a harmonised regulatory environment for all medical devices sold within the European Union however new and emerging technologies as well as various well-known incidents within the medical device industry have challenged the current framework and highlighted gaps and a scarcity of skills and expertise. For this reason, there has been an increasing need to update the MDD which led to the development and release of the Medical Device Regulation (EU MDR 2017/745). This has since marked the start of a three-year transition period for manufacturers, suppliers, Notified Bodies, and National Competent Authorities. While compliance to the new regulation was set to take effect in May of 2020, it has now been postponed by a year due to the recent coronavirus pandemic. This has essentially given manufacturers more time to assess their overall readiness and reprioritize the time-consuming areas of the transition. This volume aims to provide an easy-to-understand guide for beginners to the medical device regulations in Europe and looks specifically at the changes between the current Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC and forthcoming Medical Devices Regulation (EU MDR 2017/745) with regards to classification, conformity assessments and assessing general safety and performance requirements.
Practical information about the complexities of biomedical technology and regulation, and their implications for manufacturers and marketers of health care devices. Written primarily for those in the industry concerned about staying competitive in light of complex and fluctuating regulatory approach
Medical Device Safety: The Regulation of Medical Devices for Public Health and Safety examines the prospects for achieving global harmonization in medical device regulation and describes a possible future global system. Unresolved difficulties are discussed while solutions are proposed. An essential book for all those involved in health physics, en
New medical technologies pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and procedures often allow great improvements in the outcomes of medical care, but they are also widely believed to be a major cause of increasing costs. Selective adoption of new technologies, the taking on of only those technologies for which the medical benefits exceed the costs to society of developing and using them, is a crucial element in the quest to control health care costs while preserving or enhancing the quality of care. This report focuses on adoption of innovative medical technologies by managed care organizations (MCOs). The project had two primary objectives: (1) to understand current processes MCOs use for making coverage, medical-necessity, and payment decisions involving emerging medical technologies, and how device developers and manufacturers prepare for and participate in these processes; and (2) to identify ways that private, voluntary action by the managed-care and medical-device industries individually or jointly might improve for the benefit of society the processes by which new medical technologies are developed, evaluated, and adopted or rejected for coverage.
New and emerging technologies as well as various well-known incidents within the medical device industry have challenged the current framework, highlighted gaps and pointed to a certain scarcity of skills and expertise. For this reason, there was increasing need to update the European Medical Device Directives. This has since led to the development and release of the Medical Device Regulation (MDR 2017/745) which has now put stricter regulatory controls on the entire product life cycle. Both the EU Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) and In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR) contain a complete section on economic operators for medical devices. Although the manufacturer is ultimately responsible for ensuring their medical device is compliant with the relevant legislation, the various defined economic operators within the Regulation, now have a part to play in ensuring the safety and performance of the device throughout the supply chain. This new policy of sharing compliance is an important component of the MDR2017/745 with each economic operator serving as a control on the other, causing each device to receive a number of checks throughout the process before it is brought to market. In addition to this, it also allows for any compliance issues emerging from any one of the economic operators to have a direct legal implication on the other. Changes brought about by the MDR2017/745 in Europe require not only manufacturers but all defined economic operators to take a proactive, multilevel and multidisciplinary approach when it comes to ensuring safe and effective devices are placed on the market. This volume looks at each Economic Operator in greater details with their relevant responsibilities.
This comprehensive guide invites nations worldwide to embark on a transformative journey, implementing independent third-party verification systems that ensure medical devices comply with both international and national regulations. Prepare to be captivated as we delve into the intricate processes, unveil essential procedures, and illuminate the paramount importance of establishing traceability for medical device measurements. Imagine a world where medical devices undergo rigorous independent safety and performance verification, guaranteeing the utmost reliability for patient diagnoses and treatment. This book takes you on a compelling exploration of precisely that vision. Focusing on cutting-edge diagnostic and therapeutic devices, it captures the very essence of the latest international directives and regulations, ensuring you stay ahead of the curve. This new edition goes beyond the conventional, delving into the realms of innovation and progress. Unveiling in-depth maintenance regimes within healthcare institutions, we provide you with invaluable insights into post-market surveillance. As the world embraces the transformative potential of artificial intelligence, we pave the way for evidence-based management of medical device maintenance—a concept poised to reshape the healthcare landscape. Imagine a future where medical devices are seamlessly integrated into the legal metrology system, while fully operational national laboratories for medical device inspection set new standards of excellence. This book vividly illustrates how such a powerful union can elevate the reliability of medical devices in diagnosis and patient care. Brace yourself for a paradigm shift that not only enhances efficacy but also leads to significant cost reductions within your country's healthcare system. Join us on this extraordinary journey as we unveil the untapped potential of medical device inspection. With our innovative approach and unrivaled expertise, together we can revolutionize healthcare, transforming the lives of countless patients worldwide. Get ready to be inspired, informed, and empowered—welcome to the future of healthcare!