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This paper takes up an important question that has puzzled learning theorists in the critical tradition, namely, are the dialogic practices of emancipatory discourse sufficient to change oppressive conditions in the power structure of modern organization? In other words, can critical dialogic processes change the social order to close the gap between a privileged class of managers and workers, or do we require class struggle and structural reform? By elaborating on such methods as dialogue, public reflection, and action science, the author attempts to make the case that marginalized groups in society might find their voice in projects that are intentionally contextualized and publicly reflective. These methods have found applications in some illustrated critical pedagogies, though not without strain induced from conventional institutions. The paper concludes with an enumeration of some conditions under which emancipatory discourse and liberationist struggle may coincide.
Reiland, Kathleen Ellen. MA., California State University, December 1998. Emancipatory Discourse: The Rhetoric of Revolutionaries: Mother Tongue, Other Tongue; Multicultural American Literature; Early Feminist Speeches. Major Professors: Dawn Formo, Yuan Yuan. This work examines emancipatory features in a range of discourses, particular feminist and multicultural, and it provides a theoretical and practical rationale for the study of emancipatory discourse within Literature and Writing Studies. The study relies on a definition of emancipatory discourse that is informed by both a theory-based understanding of "otherness" and a praxis-oriented inquiry of discourse that works to "undo" otherness. As such, this definition foregrounds language as a means of seeking liberation from the controlling, even subtly controlling, influences of society for the self. Thus, coming to power through language can be seen in three ways: first, as an extrinsic overthrow or subversion of power; second, as an intrinsic balance of power (i.e. "empowerment"); or finally, as both. Examples of emancipatory discourse are considered on a rough continuum between rebellious, connoting failure, and revolutionary as a rebellion that succeeds in bringing about a change in the status quo. Such a distinction facilitates an argument that discourse which seeks to emancipate but ignores or rejects prevailing ideology falls closer to "rebellious," while discourse which paradoxically borrows "from what it wants to destroy, the very image of what it wants to possess" falls closer to "revolutionary" in that it provokes an "essential break" between old and new ways of thinking (Barthes 87, 18). Together, these precepts provide the basis for surveying feminist and multicultural emancipatory discourses for evidence of this essential break. It is at this rupture that the dialogic paradox of emancipatory discourse can work as a catalyst to bring about a change in the prevailing ideology within society, or even, within the self in relation to society. In seeking equality by illuminating inequalities, authors use the prevailing ideology against itself to expose the inherent contradictions within it as they seek to compel understanding and inspire people to change, one individual at a time. This project's Preface outlines why the ideological struggle of emancipatory discourse is important to Literature and Writing Studies; and, to establish writing as freedom, it utilizes the work of Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, Jean Paul Sartre, and Patricia Yeager. Chapter One surveys the discourse of feminist scholars working to undo a sense of otherness, particularly as it pertains to mothers mentoring adolescent girls into a "sexualized society." Chapter Two examines the texts of two multicultural American authors also working to undo a sense of otherness using the trope of "blood" figuratively to deconstruct blood heritage. The Appendix includes a comprehensive example where I use the theoretical findings of my research, particularly identified in Chapter One, to create a praxis-oriented application. Specifically, I provide adolescent girls with rhetorical case studies of the masterful speeches of early feminists who subverted men's words to argue on their own behalf against otherness and for woman's right to vote. For the disenfranchised, alternatives to emancipatory discourse can mean a physical fight, flight, or silence. In viewing writing as a site for the ideological struggle for freedom, the paradox of this discourse can be made relevant to those seeking to liberate themselves from oppressive sociocultural influences. In this way, Literature and Writing Studies might contribute to a broader cross-cultural or interdisciplinary study of power relationships.
This book counters postmodernist critiques of liberation discourses by drawing on the contributions to hermeneutics made by Paul Ricoeur and Jürgen Habermas. Ultimately, its defense of liberation discourses relies on the concept of transculturation as developed by Fernando Ortiz. A Study of Liberation Discourse extends this concept in the light of contributions to the theory of ideology by such authors as Valentin Volosinov, Michel Pecheux, Terry Eagleton, and Norman Fairclough.
The term emancipation is being increasingly used in recent years, possibly reflecting, suggests Nederveen Pieterse, the limitations of class analysis in the face of collective actions which are not reducible to class, and the limitations of postmodern discourse which impairs differentiation among types of collective action. This book is also published as volume 23, issue 3 of Development and Change.
Speaking of Freedom analyzes the development of ideas concerning freedom and politics in contemporary French thought from existentialism to deconstruction, in relation to several of the most prominent post-World War II revolutionary struggles and the liberation discourses they inspired.
Nowadays, emancipation evokes scenarios of an acquired freedom, and is closely linked to autonomy. Emancipation as liberation and freedom imposes a reflection on the conditions in which we live, as well as a question concerning what people can free themselves from and what is not possible to liberate oneself from. This collection investigates the possibility of relating to emancipation through the eyes of the ethicist. What does emancipation mean in the contemporary moral and political landscape? How is emancipation possible, and from and towards what can humankind aspire to emancipate? Which are the unattended promises of emancipation? Where, when, and to whom can one speak of emancipation? Assuming a clear ethical and moral standpoint, the contributions collected here reply to such questions, firstly by re-semantising this word and then by re-placing it within different philosophical traditions.
Centered on the trajectory of the emancipation of Roma people in Scandinavia, Romani Liberation is a powerful challenge to the stereotype describing Romani as passive and incapable of responsibility and agency. The author also criticizes benevolent but paternalistic attitudes that center on Romani victimhood. The first part of the book offers a comprehensive overview of the chronological phases of Romani emancipation in Sweden and other countries. Underscoring the significance of Roma activism in this process, Jan Selling profiles sixty Romani activists and protagonists, including numerous original photos. The narrative is followed by an analysis of the concepts of historical justice and of the process of decolonizing Romani Studies. Selling highlights the impact of the historical contexts that have enabled or impeded the success of the struggles against discrimination and for equal rights, emphasizing Romani activism as a precondition for liberation. The particular Swedish framework is accentuated by a stimulating preface by the international activist Nicoleta Bitu, and afterwords by two prominent Romani advocates, the politician Soraya Post and the singer, author, and elder Hans Caldaras.
"Kyung-Man Kim offers a comprehensive inventory of the obstacles the most powerful and influential thinkers of our time tried to overcome, the questions they asked without finding good answers, and the questions they've overlooked or avoided. No one concerned with the ethical impact of knowledge and the role it may play in winning the case of human freedom can neglect Kyung-Man Kim's analysis." -Zygmut Bauman "This is a powerful book, compelling for every reader who wants to know how current sociological theory can be used to change, not just interpret, the social world. Kyung-man Kim offers masterful readings of the main theoretical formations of the last century." -Norman K. Denzin, University of Illinois "A lucid exposition and critique of Bourdieu, Giddens, and Habermas, and of the phenomenological ethnographies of Garfinkel and the ethnomethodologists who provided their starting point. Kim, who has honed his skills in his acute contributions to the hyper-reflexive sociology of scientific knowledge, now successfully takes on the big game of the emancipatory theory world. -Randall Collins, University of Pennsylvania What binds the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu, Anthony Giddens, and Jurgen Habermas? Although these and other contemporary theorists offered major critiques of society, they stopped short of plausible proposals to achieve the liberation of individuals and societies. Kyung-Man Kim offers a new reading of contemporary critical theorists and explains how, by reading them together, we may find a practical basis for progressive social change.
This accessible guide and introduction to critical applied linguistics provides a clear overview, highlighting problems, debates, and competing views in language education, literacy, discourse analysis, language in the workplace, translation and other language-related domains. Covering both critical theory and domains of practice, the book is organized around five themes: the politics of knowledge, the politics of language, the politics of texts, the politics of pedagogy, and the politics of difference. It is an important text for anyone involved in applied linguistics, TESOL, language education, or other language-related fields.