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Lie group analysis, based on symmetry and invariance principles, is the only systematic method for solving nonlinear differential equations analytically. One of Lie's striking achievements was the discovery that the majority of classical devices for integration of special types of ordinary differential equations could be explained and deduced by his theory. Moreover, this theory provides a universal tool for tackling considerable numbers of differential equations when other means of integration fail. * This is the first modern text on ordinary differential equations where the basic integration methods are derived from Lie group theory * Includes a concise and self contained introduction to differential equations * Easy to follow and comprehensive introduction to Lie group analysis * The methods described in this book have many applications The author provides students and their teachers with a flexible text for undergraduate and postgraduate courses, spanning a variety of topics from the basic theory through to its many applications. The philosophy of Lie groups has become an essential part of the mathematical culture for anyone investigating mathematical models of physical, engineering and natural problems.
This book is a straightforward introduction to the subject of symmetry methods for solving differential equations, and is aimed at applied mathematicians, physicists, and engineers. The presentation is informal, using many worked examples to illustrate the main symmetry methods. It is written at a level suitable for postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, and is designed to enable the reader to master the main techniques quickly and easily.The book contains some methods that have not previously appeared in a text. These include methods for obtaining discrete symmetries and integrating factors.
This book is devoted to explaining a wide range of applications of con tinuous symmetry groups to physically important systems of differential equations. Emphasis is placed on significant applications of group-theoretic methods, organized so that the applied reader can readily learn the basic computational techniques required for genuine physical problems. The first chapter collects together (but does not prove) those aspects of Lie group theory which are of importance to differential equations. Applications covered in the body of the book include calculation of symmetry groups of differential equations, integration of ordinary differential equations, including special techniques for Euler-Lagrange equations or Hamiltonian systems, differential invariants and construction of equations with pre scribed symmetry groups, group-invariant solutions of partial differential equations, dimensional analysis, and the connections between conservation laws and symmetry groups. Generalizations of the basic symmetry group concept, and applications to conservation laws, integrability conditions, completely integrable systems and soliton equations, and bi-Hamiltonian systems are covered in detail. The exposition is reasonably self-contained, and supplemented by numerous examples of direct physical importance, chosen from classical mechanics, fluid mechanics, elasticity and other applied areas.
This text explores the essentials of partial differential equations as applied to engineering and the physical sciences. Discusses ordinary differential equations, integral curves and surfaces of vector fields, the Cauchy-Kovalevsky theory, more. Problems and answers.
Geometric Methods in System Theory In automatic control there are a large number of applications of a fairly simple type for which the motion of the state variables is not free to evolve in a vector space but rather must satisfy some constraints. Examples are numerous; in a switched, lossless electrical network energy is conserved and the state evolves on an ellipsoid surface defined by x'Qx equals a constant; in the control of finite state, continuous time, Markov processes the state evolves on the set x'x = 1, xi ~ O. The control of rigid body motions and trajectory control leads to problems of this type. There has been under way now for some time an effort to build up enough control theory to enable one to treat these problems in a more or less routine way. It is important to emphasise that the ordinary vector space-linear theory often gives the wrong insight and thus should not be relied upon.
GENERALIZED ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN ABSTRACT SPACES AND APPLICATIONS Explore a unified view of differential equations through the use of the generalized ODE from leading academics in mathematics Generalized Ordinary Differential Equations in Abstract Spaces and Applications delivers a comprehensive treatment of new results of the theory of Generalized ODEs in abstract spaces. The book covers applications to other types of differential equations, including Measure Functional Differential Equations (measure FDEs). It presents a uniform collection of qualitative results of Generalized ODEs and offers readers an introduction to several theories, including ordinary differential equations, impulsive differential equations, functional differential equations, dynamical equations on time scales, and more. Throughout the book, the focus is on qualitative theory and on corresponding results for other types of differential equations, as well as the connection between Generalized Ordinary Differential Equations and impulsive differential equations, functional differential equations, measure differential equations and dynamic equations on time scales. The book’s descriptions will be of use in many mathematical contexts, as well as in the social and natural sciences. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to regulated functions, including their basic properties, equiregulated sets, uniform convergence, and relatively compact sets An exploration of the Kurzweil integral, including its definitions and basic properties A discussion of measure functional differential equations, including impulsive measure FDEs The interrelationship between generalized ODEs and measure FDEs A treatment of the basic properties of generalized ODEs, including the existence and uniqueness of solutions, and prolongation and maximal solutions Perfect for researchers and graduate students in Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, Generalized Ordinary Differential Equations in Abstract Spaces and App­lications will also earn a place in the libraries of advanced undergraduate students taking courses in the subject and hoping to move onto graduate studies.
Volume 2 offers a unique blend of classical results of Sophus Lie with new, modern developments and numerous applications which span a period of more than 100 years. As a result, this reference is up to date, with the latest information on the group theoretic methods used frequently in mathematical physics and engineering. Volume 2 is divided into three parts. Part A focuses on relevant definitions, main algorithms, group classification schemes for partial differential equations, and multifaceted possibilities offered by Lie group theoretic philosophy. Part B contains the group analysis of a variety of mathematical models for diverse natural phenomena. It tabulates symmetry groups and solutions for linear equations of mathematical physics, classical field theory, viscous and non-Newtonian fluids, boundary layer problems, Earth sciences, elasticity, plasticity, plasma theory (Vlasov-Maxwell equations), and nonlinear optics and acoustics. Part C offers an English translation of Sophus Lie's fundamental paper on the group classification and invariant solutions of linear second-order equations with two independent variables. This will serve as a concise, practical guide to the group analysis of partial differential equations.
The book gives a detailed account of the development of the theory of algebraic equations, from its origins in ancient times to its completion by Galois in the nineteenth century. The appropriate parts of works by Cardano, Lagrange, Vandermonde, Gauss, Abel, and Galois are reviewed and placed in their historical perspective, with the aim of conveying to the reader a sense of the way in which the theory of algebraic equations has evolved and has led to such basic mathematical notions as 'group' and 'field'. A brief discussion of the fundamental theorems of modern Galois theory and complete proofs of the quoted results are provided, and the material is organized in such a way that the more technical details can be skipped by readers who are interested primarily in a broad survey of the theory.In this second edition, the exposition has been improved throughout and the chapter on Galois has been entirely rewritten to better reflect Galois' highly innovative contributions. The text now follows more closely Galois' memoir, resorting as sparsely as possible to anachronistic modern notions such as field extensions. The emerging picture is a surprisingly elementary approach to the solvability of equations by radicals, and yet is unexpectedly close to some of the most recent methods of Galois theory.
This (post) graduate text gives a broad introduction to Lie groups and algebras with an emphasis on differential geometrical methods. It analyzes the structure of compact Lie groups in terms of the action of the group on itself by conjugation, culminating in the classification of the representations of compact Lie groups and their realization as sections of holomorphic line bundles over flag manifolds. Appendices provide background reviews.
A Practical Course in Differential Equations and Mathematical Modelling is a unique blend of the traditional methods of ordinary and partial differential equations with Lie group analysis enriched by the author's own theoretical developments. The book — which aims to present new mathematical curricula based on symmetry and invariance principles — is tailored to develop analytic skills and “working knowledge” in both classical and Lie's methods for solving linear and nonlinear equations. This approach helps to make courses in differential equations, mathematical modelling, distributions and fundamental solution, etc. easy to follow and interesting for students. The book is based on the author's extensive teaching experience at Novosibirsk and Moscow universities in Russia, Collège de France, Georgia Tech and Stanford University in the United States, universities in South Africa, Cyprus, Turkey, and Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) in Sweden. The new curriculum prepares students for solving modern nonlinear problems and will essentially be more appealing to students compared to the traditional way of teaching mathematics.