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A bionic investigation and modeling of organic evolution is described. The project was undertaken to provide a deeper understanding of the adaptive processes involved in organic evolution. Of particular interest was a comparison of self-organizing processes in evolutionary systems and analogous processes in trainable logical networks. The biological prototype for the model is the feral house mouse (Mus musculus) as it exists in semi-isolated populations in the southwestern United States. Special emphasis is given to a balanced lethal genetic system known to exist in the species. Using Monte Carlo techniques, the model simulates, for each individual, such events as the probability of survival, migration, mating, reproduction, mutation, genetic segregation, and natural selection. Implementation of the model on a digital computer is described. Results of experiments performed with the model show that the model behaves in a manner highly analogous to both the biological prototype and to certain aspects of trainable logical networks. Implications and theoretical investigations of the work for future developments in machine intelligence are discussed. (Author).
"In September 1987, the first workshop on Artificial Life was held at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Jointly sponsored by the Center for Nonlinear Studies, the Santa Fe Institute, and Apple Computer Inc, the workshop brought together 160 computer scientists, biologists, physicists, anthropologists, and other assorted ""-ists,"" all of whom shared a common interest in the simulation and synthesis of living systems. During five intense days, we saw a wide variety of models of living systems, including mathematical models for the origin of life, self-reproducing automata, computer programs using the mechanisms of Darwinian evolution to produce co-adapted ecosystems, simulations of flocking birds and schooling fish, the growth and development of artificial plants, and much, much more The workshop itself grew out of my frustration with the fragmented nature of the literature on biological modeling and simulation. For years I had prowled around libraries, shifted through computer-search results, and haunted bookstores, trying to get an overview of a field which I sensed existed but which did not seem to have any coherence or unity. Instead, I literally kept stumbling over interesting work almost by accident, often published in obscure journals if published at all."
Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems provides a showcase for the Circuit and Multi-Domain Simulation Workshop held in San Jose, California, USA, on November 5, 2009. The nine chapters are contributed by experts in the field and provide a broad discussion of recent developments on simulation, modeling and verification of integrated circuits and biological systems. Specific topics include large scale parallel circuit simulation, industrial practice of fast SPICE simulation, structure-preserving model order reduction of interconnects, advanced simulation techniques for oscillator networks, dynamic stability of static memories and biological systems as well as verification of analog integrated circuits. Simulation and verification are fundamental enablers for understanding, analyzing and designing an extremely broad range of engineering and biological circuits and systems. The design of nanometer integrated electronic systems and emerging biomedical applications have stimulated the development of novel simulation and verification techniques and methodologies. Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems provides a broad discussion of recent advances on simulation, modeling and verification of integrated circuits and biological systems and offers a basis for stimulating new innovations.
At a time of unprecedented expansion in the life sciences, evolution is the one theory that transcends all of biology. Any observation of a living system must ultimately be interpreted in the context of its evolution. Evolutionary change is the consequence of mutation and natural selection, which are two concepts that can be described by mathematical equations. Evolutionary Dynamics is concerned with these equations of life. In this book, Martin A. Nowak draws on the languages of biology and mathematics to outline the mathematical principles according to which life evolves. His work introduces readers to the powerful yet simple laws that govern the evolution of living systems, no matter how complicated they might seem. Evolution has become a mathematical theory, Nowak suggests, and any idea of an evolutionary process or mechanism should be studied in the context of the mathematical equations of evolutionary dynamics. His book presents a range of analytical tools that can be used to this end: fitness landscapes, mutation matrices, genomic sequence space, random drift, quasispecies, replicators, the Prisoner’s Dilemma, games in finite and infinite populations, evolutionary graph theory, games on grids, evolutionary kaleidoscopes, fractals, and spatial chaos. Nowak then shows how evolutionary dynamics applies to critical real-world problems, including the progression of viral diseases such as AIDS, the virulence of infectious agents, the unpredictable mutations that lead to cancer, the evolution of altruism, and even the evolution of human language. His book makes a clear and compelling case for understanding every living system—and everything that arises as a consequence of living systems—in terms of evolutionary dynamics.
Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems provides a showcase for the Circuit and Multi-Domain Simulation Workshop held in San Jose, California, USA, on November 5, 2009. The nine chapters are contributed by experts in the field and provide a broad discussion of recent developments on simulation, modeling and verification of integrated circuits and biological systems. Specific topics include large scale parallel circuit simulation, industrial practice of fast SPICE simulation, structure-preserving model order reduction of interconnects, advanced simulation techniques for oscillator networks, dynamic stability of static memories and biological systems as well as verification of analog integrated circuits. Simulation and verification are fundamental enablers for understanding, analyzing and designing an extremely broad range of engineering and biological circuits and systems. The design of nanometer integrated electronic systems and emerging biomedical applications have stimulated the development of novel simulation and verification techniques and methodologies. Simulation and Verification of Electronic and Biological Systems provides a broad discussion of recent advances on simulation, modeling and verification of integrated circuits and biological systems and offers a basis for stimulating new innovations.
Computational Intelligence Assisted Design framework mobilises computational resources, makes use of multiple Computational Intelligence (CI) algorithms and reduces computational costs. This book provides examples of real-world applications of technology. Case studies have been used to show the integration of services, cloud, big data technology and space missions. It focuses on computational modelling of biological and natural intelligent systems, encompassing swarm intelligence, fuzzy systems, artificial neutral networks, artificial immune systems and evolutionary computation. This book provides readers with wide-scale information on CI paradigms and algorithms, inviting readers to implement and problem solve real-world, complex problems within the CI development framework. This implementation framework will enable readers to tackle new problems without difficulty through a few tested MATLAB source codes
On behalf of the ICES 2001 Conference Committee, it is our pleasure to present to you the proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Evolvable S- tems: From Biology to Hardware, ICES 2001, held in Tokyo, Japan, on 3-5 - tober 2001, addressing the latest developments and discussing challenges facing the ?eld of evolvable systems. The idea of evolving machines, whose origins can be traced back to the - bernetics movement of the 1940s and the 1950s, has recently re-emerged in the form of the nascent ?eld of bio-inspired systems and evolvable hardware. Foll- ing the workshop, Towards Evolvable Hardware, which took place in Lausanne, Switzerland, in October 1995, the First International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware (ICES96), was held at the Electrotech- cal Laboratory (MITI), Tsukuba, Japan, in October 1996. The second and the third International Conferences on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Ha- ware (ICES98 and ICES 2000) were respectively held in Lausanne in September 1998, and in Edinburgh in April 2000. Following the success of these past events, ICES 2001 was dedicated to the promotion and advancement of all aspects of evolvable systems, including ha- ware, software, algorithms, and applications. By bringing together researchers who use biologically inspired concepts to implement real systems in arti?cial - telligence, arti?cial life, robotics, VLSI design, and related domains, ICES 2001 reunited this burgeoning community.
This Methods in Molecular Biology volume reviews common methods used in molecular modeling of biological systems, including methods for electronic structure calculations, classical molecular dynamics simulations and coarse-grained techniques."