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It is perhaps surprising that a process which was one of the first to be studied on an atomic scale, and a process which first received attention over seven decades ago, continues to be the object of diverse and intense research efforts. Such is the case with the (seemingly) conceptually simple and familiar mechanism of electron impact ionization of atoms, molecules, and ions. Not only has the multi-body nature of the collision given ground to theoretical effort only grudgingly, but also the variety and subtlety of processes contributing to ionization have helped insure that progress has come only with commensurate work: no pain - no gain. Modern experimental methods have made it possible to effectively measure and explore threshold laws, differential cross sections, partial cross sections, inner-shell ionization, and the ionization of unstable species such as radicals and ions. In most instances the availability of experimental data has provided impetus and guidance for further theoretical progress.
Covers quantum scattering theories, experimental and theoretical calculations and applications in a comprehensive manner.
Mass Spectrometry is an ideal textbook for students and professionals as well as newcomers to the field. Starting from the very first principles of gas-phase ion chemistry and isotopic properties, the textbook takes the reader through the design of mass analyzers and ionization methods all the way to mass spectral interpretation and coupling techniques. Step-by-step, the reader learns how mass spectrometry works and what it can do. The book comprises a balanced mixture of practice-oriented information and theoretical background. It features a clear layout and a wealth of high-quality figures. Exercises and solutions are located on the Springer Global Web.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with supersonic molecular beams (SMB) (also named GC-MS with Cold EI) is based on GC and MS interface with a SMB and on the electron ionization (EI) of vibrationally cold analytes in the SMB (hence the name Cold EI) in a contact-free fly-through ion source. Cold EI improves all the central GC-MS performance aspects and brings a broad range of important benefits thereby leading the way to the future of GC-MS. Cold EI provides enhanced molecular ions combined with effective library-basedsample identification. Sample identification is further improved by the use of powerful TAMI software that is based on isotope abundance analysis and improved quadrupole mass accuracy for the provision of the sample elemental formula from its molecular ion group of isotopologues.
Modern mass spectrometry - the instrumentation and applications in diverse fields Mass spectrometry has played a pivotal role in a variety of scientific disciplines. Today it is an integral part of proteomics and drug discovery process. Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry gives readers a concise and authoritative overview of modern mass spectrometry instrumentation, techniques, and applications, including the latest developments. After an introduction to the history of mass spectrometry and the basic underlying concepts, it covers: Instrumentation, including modes of ionization, condensed phase ionization techniques, mass analysis and ion detection, tandem mass spectrometry, and hyphenated separation techniques Organic and inorganic mass spectrometry Biological mass spectrometry, including the analysis of proteins and peptides, oligosaccharides, lipids, oligonucleotides, and other biological materials Applications to quantitative analysis Based on proven teaching principles, each chapter is complete with a concise overview, highlighted key points, practice exercises, and references to additional resources. Hints and solutions to the exercises are provided in an appendix. To facilitate learning and improve problem-solving skills, several worked-out examples are included. This is a great textbook for graduate students in chemistry, and a robust, practical resource for researchers and scientists, professors, laboratory managers, technicians, and others. It gives scientists in diverse disciplines a practical foundation in modern mass spectrometry.
Completely revised and updated, this text provides an easy-to-read guide to the concept of mass spectrometry and demonstrates its potential and limitations. Written by internationally recognised experts and utilising "real life" examples of analyses and applications, the book presents real cases of qualitative and quantitative applications of mass spectrometry. Unlike other mass spectrometry texts, this comprehensive reference provides systematic descriptions of the various types of mass analysers and ionisation, along with corresponding strategies for interpretation of data. The book concludes with a comprehensive 3000 references. This multi-disciplined text covers the fundamentals as well as recent advance in this topic, providing need-to-know information for researchers in many disciplines including pharmaceutical, environmental and biomedical analysis who are utilizing mass spectrometry
to the Second Edition Since the first (1986) edition of this book, the numbers of installations, researchers, and research publications devoted to electron energy-loss spec troscopy (EELS) in the electron microscope have continued to expand. There has been a trend towards intermediate accelerating voltages and field-emission sources, both favorable to energy-loss spectroscopy, and sev eral types of energy-filtering microscope are now available commercially. Data-acquisition hardware and software, based on personal computers, have become more convenient and user-friendly. Among university re searchers, much thought has been given to the interpretation and utilization of near-edge fine structure. Most importantly, there have been many practi cal applications of EELS. This may reflect an increased awareness of the potentialities of the technique, but in many cases it is the result of skill and persistence on the part of the experimenters, often graduate students. To take account of these developments, the book has been extensively revised (over a period of two years) and more than a third of it rewritten. I have made various minor changes to the figures and added about 80 new ones. Except for a few small changes, the notation is the same as in the first edition, with all equations in SI units.
This volume reviews the theoretical and experimental work about continuous electron emission in energetic ion-atom collisions over the last 30 years. General properties of the two-center electron emission are analyzed, and particular attention is given to screening effects. The book also offers an overview of multiple ionization processes.
The NATO . Advanced Research Insti tute on Nonequilibrium Processes in Partially Ionized Gases was held at Acquafredda di Maratea during 4-17 June 1989. The Institute considered the interconnections between scattering and transport theories and modeling of nonequilibrium systems generated by electrical discharges, emphasizing the importance of microscopic processes in affecting the bulk properties of plasmas. The book tries to reproduce these lines. In particular several contributions describe scattering cross sections involving electrons interacting with atoms and molecules in both ground and excited states (from theoretical and experimental point of view), of energy transfer processes as well as reactive ones involving excited molecules colliding with atoms and molecules as well as with metallic surfaces. Other contributions deal with the basis of transport theories (Boltzmann and Monte Carlo methods) for describing the bulk properties of non equilibrium plasmas as well as with the modeling of complicated systems emphasizing in particular the strong coupling between the Boltzmann equation and excited state kinetics. Finally the book contains several contributions describing applications in different fields such as Excimer Lasers, Negative Ion Production, RF Discharges, Plasma Chemistry, Atmospheric Processes and Physics of Lamps. The Organizing Committee gratefully acknowledges the generous financial support provided by the NATO Science Committee as well as by Azienda Autonoma di Soggiorno e Turismo of Maratea, by University of Bari, by C. N. R. (Centro di Studio per la Chimica dei Plasmi and Comitato per la Chimica), by ENEA, by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and by US Army Research Office.