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Energy crises and global warming pose serious challenges to researchers in their attempt to develop a sustainable society for the future. Solar energy conversion is a remarkable, clean, and sustainable way to nullify the effects of fossil fuels. The findings of photocatalytic hydrogen production (PCHP) by Fujishima and Honda propose that “water will be the coal for the future”. Hydrogen is a carbon-free clean fuel with a high specific energy of combustion. Titanium oxide (TiO2), graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) are three pillars of water splitting photocatalysts owing to their superior electronic and optical properties. Tremendous research efforts have been made in recent years to fabricate visible or solar-light, active photocatalysts. The significant features of various oxide, sulfide, and carbon based photocatalysts for cost-effective hydrogen production are presented in this Special Issue. The insights of sacrificial agents on the hydrogen production efficiency of catalysts are also presented in this issue.
Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Electrolytes. The editors have built Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Electrolytes in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
This book presents photo-driven seawater splitting technologies for hydrogen production. This technology is considered as a win–win interplay for both the utilization of solar energy as the most renewable energy and seawater as the most hydrogen source. The book also discusses topics from raw materials selection, characterization and mechanistic insights to the latest research developments in response to the need for environmentally friendly and low-carbon industries. In addition, it provides insights into a most attractive energy-conversion and storage cascade by combining solar energy and a hydrogen system. Given its scope, this book appeals to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes, as well as practitioners in industry.
Sustainable Materials and Green Processing for Energy Conversion provides a concise reference on green processing and synthesis of materials required for the next generation of devices used in renewable energy conversion and storage. The book covers the processing of bio-organic materials, environmentally-friendly organic and inorganic sources of materials, synthetic green chemistry, bioresorbable and transient properties of functional materials, and the concept of sustainable material design. The book features chapters by worldwide experts and is an important reference for students, researchers, and engineers interested in gaining extensive knowledge concerning green processing of sustainable, green functional materials for next generation energy devices. Additionally, functional materials used in energy devices must also be able to degrade and decompose with minimum energy after being disposed of at their end-of-life. Environmental pollution is one of the global crises that endangers the life cycles of living things. There are multiple root causes of this pollution, including industrialization that demands a huge supply of raw materials for the production of products related to meeting the demands of the Internet-of-Things. As a result, improvement of material and product life cycles by incorporation of green, sustainable principles is essential to address this challenging issue. - Offers a resourceful reference for readers interested in green processing of environmentally-friendly and sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage devices - Focuses on designing of materials through green-processing concepts - Highlights challenges and opportunities in green processing of renewable materials for energy devices
Synthesizing specific clusters as a component of useful nanostructures or controlling them as an assembly of nanocomposites is the ultimate aim. In order to understand how to synthesize individual clusters or to investigate its properties, a variety of first-principles and empirical calculations and related computer simulations have been performed alongside numerous experiments.
Graphene Surfaces: Particles and Catalysts focuses on the surface chemistry and modification of graphene and its derivatives from a theoretical and electrochemical point-of-view. It provides a comprehensive overview of their electronic structure, synthesis, properties and general applications in catalysis science, including their relevance in alcohols and their derivatives oxidation, oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, energy storage, corrosion protection and supercapacitors. The book also covers emerging research on graphene chemistry and its impact. Chemical engineers, materials scientists, electrochemists and engineers will find information that will answer their most pressing questions on the surface aspects of graphene and its effect on catalysis. - Serves as a time-saving reference for researchers, graduated students and chemical engineers - Equips the reader with catalysis knowledge for practical applications - Discusses the physical and electrochemical properties of graphene - Provides the most important applications of graphene in electrochemical systems - Highlights both experimental and theoretical aspects of graphene
A comprehensive and timely overview of this important and hot topic, with special emphasis placed on environmental applications and the potential for solar light harvesting. Following introductory chapters on environmental photocatalysis, water splitting, and applications in synthetic chemistry, further chapters focus on the synthesis and design of photocatalysts, solar energy conversion, and such environmental aspects as the removal of water pollutants, photocatalytic conversion of CO2. Besides metal oxide-based photocatalysts, the authors cover other relevant material classes including carbon-based nanomaterials and novel hybrid materials. Chapters on mechanistic aspects, computational modeling of photocatalysis and Challenges and perspectives of solar reactor design for industrial applications complete this unique survey of the subject. With its in-depth discussions ranging from a comprehensive understanding to the engineering of materials and applied devices, this is an invaluable resource for a range of disciplines.
Explore this comprehensive discussion of the foundational and advanced topics in plasmonic catalysis from two leaders in the field Plasmonic Catalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications delivers a thorough treatment of plasmonic catalysis, from its theoretical foundations to myriad applications in industry and academia. In addition to the fundamentals, the book covers the theory, properties, synthesis, and various reaction types of plasmonic catalysis. It also covers its applications in reactions including oxidation, reduction, nitrogen fixation, CO2 reduction, and more. The book characterizes plasmonic catalytic systems and describes their properties, tackling the integration of conventional methods as well as new methods able to unravel the optical, electronic, and chemical properties of these systems. It also describes the fundamentals of controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles relevant to plasmonic catalysis, as well as practical examples thereof. Plasmonic Catalysis covers a wide variety of other practical topics in the field, including hydrogenation reactions and the harvesting of LSPR-excited charge carriers. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to plasmonic catalysis, a theory of plasmons for catalysis and mechanisms, as well as optical properties of plasmonic-catalytic nanostructures An exploration of the synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles for photo and electro catalysis, as well as plasmonic catalysis towards oxidation reactions and hydrogenation reactions Discussions of plasmonic catalysis for multi-electron processes and artificial photosynthesis and N2 fixation An examination of control over reaction selectivity in plasmonic catalysis Perfect for catalytic chemists, materials scientists, photochemists, and physical chemists, Plasmonic Catalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of physicists who seek a one-stop resource to enhance their understanding of applications in plasmonic catalysis.
Photocatalysis (PC) and photoelectric catalysis (PEC) are environmental protection technologies that use sunlight capacity and environmental governance, and they have a wide range of applications in hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, organic degradation, and other fields. When the light is irradiated on the material, part of the light energy will be converted into heat energy, and the combination of this part of the heat energy with PC and PEC will become an important way to improve optical performance. Compared with traditional technology, the synergistic effect of light and heat can obtain higher catalytic performance and improve energy utilization efficiency. This review begins with an overview of the principle of photoheat generation, which produces heat energy in a non-radiative process through photo-induced instability of electrons. The principle of thermal effect on the performance improvement of PC/PEC is analyzed from the dynamics and thermodynamics of photoreaction and electric reaction. On this basis, several materials widely used at present are listed, such as oxides, plasmas, conductive polymers, carbon materials, and other typical photothermal materials. The specific applications of photothermal materials in PC and PEC processes, such as hydrogen production by oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction, organic matter reduction, and seawater desalination, were discussed. Finally, the challenges to PC/PEC from the introduction of thermal effects are further discussed to provide a clean and sustainable way to build a carbon-neutral society.
Explore green catalytic reactions with this reference from a renowned leader in the field Green reactions—like photo-, photoelectro-, and electro-catalytic reactions—offer viable technologies to solve difficult problems without significant damage to the environment. In particular, some gas-involved reactions are especially useful in the creation of liquid fuels and cost-effective products. In Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes: Water Splitting, N2 Fixing, CO2 Reduction, award-winning researcher Jianmin Ma delivers a comprehensive overview of photo-, electro-, and photoelectron-catalysts in a variety of processes, including O2 reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, H2 production, water oxidation, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution. The book offers detailed information on the underlying mechanisms, costs, and synthetic methods of catalysts. Filled with authoritative and critical information on green catalytic processes that promise to answer many of our most pressing energy and environmental questions, this book also includes: Thorough introductions to electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, as well as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions Comprehensive explorations of electrocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction Practical discussions of photoelectrocatalytic H2 production, water splitting, and CO2 reduction In-depth examinations of photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution and nitrogen reduction Perfect for catalytic chemists and photochemists, Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Processes: Water Splitting, N2 Fixing, CO2 Reduction also belongs in the libraries of materials scientists and inorganic chemists seeking a one-stop resource on the novel aspects of photo-, electro-, and photoelectro-catalytic reactions.