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In spite of considerable efforts over the years to understand and combat materials degradation via corrosion processes, many challenges still remain both in the theoretical understanding of the phenomena and in seeking pratical solutions to the perennial problem. Progress has been slow due to the complexity of the processes and the systems involved. Fortunately, in recent years there has been a renaissance in the development of new electrochemical and optical techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, which have greatly aided our quest to gain insight into the complex mechanisms involved in metallic corrosion and passivation. Numerous scientific meetings, symposia, and workshops have been held allover the world which attest to the frenzy of activities in corrosion science and technology. However, most of these conferences have dealt mainly with recent research results. There appeared to be a need to assess and disseminate our present state of knowledge in the field as regards measurement techniques, theory, and instrumentation. The present NATO Advanced Study Institute was therefore held in Viana do Castelo, Portugal from July 9 to 21, 1989. The Institute consisted of a series of tutorial lectures, poster sessions, and round-table discussions interspersed evenly over the two-week period. It was attended by 75 participants from several countries representing industry, government and university laboratories.
The development of "tailormade" electrode surfaces using electroactive polymer films has been one of the most active and exciting areas of electrochemistry over the last 15 years. The properties of these materials have been examined by a wide range of scientists from a variety of perspectives, and now electroactive polymer research is considered to be a reasonably mature area of research endeavor. Much is now understood about the fundamental mechanism of conduction in these materials. A wide range of electrochemical techniques may be used to probe the conductivity processes in these materials, and more recently, a number of in situ spectroscopic techniques have been used to further elucidate the structure of these materials. The in situ spectroscopies and allied techniques have also been used to obtain correlations between structure and redox activity. The applications found for electroactive polymers are many and varied, and range from thin film amperometric chemical and biological sensors, electrocatalytic systems, drug delivery devices, and advanced battery systems through to molecular electronic devices. The research literature on electroactive polymers is truly enormous and can daunt even the most hardened researcher. The vast quantity of material reported in the literature can also intimidate beginning graduate students. Hence the present book. The original idea for this book arose as a result of a series of lectures on chemically modified eiectrodes and electroactive polymers given by the writer to final-year undergraduates at Trinity College Dublin.
All volumes cover reviews on highly topical areas of electrochemical research and cover areas of both fundamental and practical importance. The result is a compelling set of reviews which serves equally well as an excellent and up-to-date source of information for experienced researchers active in the field as well as an introduction for newcomers. Series founders: Heinz Gerischer, Charles W. Tobias, Richard C. Alkire, Dieter M. Kolb
Environmental protection and sustainability are major concerns in today’s world, and a reduction in CO2 emission and the implementation of clean energy are inevitable challenges for scientists and engineers today. The development of electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells, Li-ion batteries, and artificial photosynthesis, is vital for solving environmental problems. A practical device requires designing of materials and operational systems; however, a multidisciplinary subject covering microscopic physics and chemistry as well as macroscopic device properties is absent. In this situation, multiscale simulations play an important role. This book compiles and details cutting-edge research and development of atomistic, nanoscale, microscale, and macroscale computational modeling for various electrochemical devices, including hydrogen storage, Li-ion batteries, fuel cells, and artificial photocatalysis. The authors have been involved in the development of energy materials and devices for many years. In each chapter, after reviewing the calculation methods commonly used in the field, the authors focus on a specific computational approach that is applied to a realistic problem crucial for device improvement. They introduce the simulation technique not only as an analysis tool to explain experimental results but also as a design tool in the scale of interest. At the end of each chapter, a future perspective is added as a guide for the extension of research. Therefore, this book is suitable as a textbook or a reference on multiscale simulations and will appeal to anyone interested in learning practical simulations and applying them to problems in the development of frontier and futuristic electrochemical devices.
This book describes the physical basis of polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and its application in electrochemical studies. It provides a concise yet comprehensive review of the research done in this field in the last 20 years. Electrochemical methods are used to determine the rate and mechanism of charge transfer reactions between an electrode and species adsorbed or diffusing to its surface. In the past two decades PM-IRRAS has grown to be one of the most important vibrational spectroscopy techniques applied to investigate structural changes taking place at the electrochemical interface. The monograph presents foundations of this technique and reviews in situ studies of redox-inactive and redox-active films adsorbed on electrode surfaces. It also discusses experimental conditions required in electrochemical and spectroscopic studies and presents practical solutions to perform efficient experiments. As such, it offers an invaluable resource for graduate and postgraduate students, as well as for all researchers in academic and industrial laboratories.