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This monograph is an attempt to present in a concise manner those aspects of the electrolytic growth of crystals considered to be of basic mechanistic significance. The accent has been put consistently on the understanding of the physical models of the processes discussed. Out of the extensive amount of information in this field, the authors have tried to abstract those systems which can be considered central, and which can, therefore, be related to the basic concepts connected with the electrodeposition of metals. In particular, stress has been laid upon consideration of atomic movements -of ions and molecules in solution, of adsorbed substances on the surface of metals, of steps on a growing crystal. Although the main stress is upon the physical picture, a number of derivations have been presented in detail. It is assumed that the reader is familiar to some degree with the concepts of electrodics; in particular, frequent reference is made to models of the electrical double layer at the metal solution interface and the transfer of charged species across it.
Here, the well-known editor in the field of electrocrystallization and his team of excellent international authors guarantee the high quality of the contributions. Clearly structured in two main parts, this book reviews the fundamentals and applications of electrocrystallization processes in nanotechnology. The first part, "Fundamentals" covers the basic concepts of electrocrystallization, computer simulations of low-dimensional metal phase formation, electrodeposition in templates and nanocavities, nanoscale electrocrystallization from ionic liquids, and superconformal electrodeposition of metals. The second part, "Preparation and properties of nanostructures", includes nanostructuring by STM tip induced localized electrocrystallization of metals, fabrication of ordered anodic nanoporous Al2O3 layers and their application, preparation of nanogaps, nanocontacts, nanowires and nanodots by selective electrochemical deposition, as well as electrodeposition of magnetic nanostructures and multilayers
This work examines all aspects of organic conductors, detailing recent theoretical concepts and current laboratory methods of synthesis, measurement, control and analysis. It describes advances in molecular-scale engineering, including switching and memory systems, Schottky and electroluminescent diodes, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic devices and solar cells.
“Electrocrystallization is a particular case of a first order phase transition” and “Electrocrystallization is a particular case of electrochemical kinetics” are two statements that I have heard and read many times. I do not like them for a simple reason: it is annoying to see that the subject to which you have devoted more than 30 years of your life may be considered as a “particular case”. Therefore, I decided to write this book in which Electrocrystallization is the main subject. To become competent in the field of Electrocrystallization one should possess knowledge of Electrochemistry, Nucleation and Crystal Growth, which means knowledge of Physical Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. That is certainly difficult and in most cases those who study Electrocrystallization are either more electrochemists, or more physical chemists, or more physicists, very often depending on whom has been their teacher. Of course, there are scientists who consider themselves equally good in all those fields. Very frequently they are, unfortunately, equally bad. The difference is essential but strange enough, it is sometimes not easy to realize the truth immediately.
The aim of this program was to develop the techniques and understanding necessary for the growth of films or single crystals of a variety of materials by molten salt electrocrystallization. The conditions for stable growth of materials by this technique have been explored both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical studies have shown the importance of a high solute concentration, the potential gradient at the crystal-solution interface and of a material parameter which we have termed the growth rate constant. The current density, which determines the rate of deposition, is also a crucial parameter in many experiments and a value in the range 10-50 milli-Angstrom/sq cm must not be exceeded if stable growth is to occur.
This volume collects the state of the art in molecular materials. It collects the lecture notes of a series of lectures given by some of the best specialists in the field at the 2007 Erice International School of Crystallography, and also a NATO-ASI course. The school first established "where we are" in terms of modeling, design, synthesis and applications of crystalline solids with predefined properties and then defined current and possible futuristic lines of development.
The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources is a truly interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With a focus on the environmental and economic impact of electrochemical power sources, this five-volume work consolidates coverage of the field and serves as an entry point to the literature for professionals and students alike. Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers Incorporates nearly 350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as environmental and sustainability considerations