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The book describes the technique of electrochemical exfoliation, which possesses remarkable ability to bring about transformation. Among various known synthesis methods, the electrochemical exfoliation approach eliminates the use of harsh chemicals and energy-intensive methods commonly linked to the synthesis of graphene. Electrochemical exfoliation utilizes electrical energy to gently remove layers of graphene from its original source, providing a more environmentally friendly method. This precise and careful synchronization heralds a new era in the field of materials science, where the principles of sustainability converge with unmatched performance. Moreover, the benefits extend beyond environmental excellence. This book also examines the complexities of electrochemical exfoliation, highlighting its clear advantage over traditional techniques. The approach demonstrates process in manipulating the structure and properties of graphene, allowing for the customization of specific capabilities to suit a wide range of applications.
Advanced carbon materials such as graphene, fullerenes, hierarchical carbon, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exceptional physical properties, making them useful for several applications in fields ranging from energy and industry to electronics and drug delivery. This book includes comprehensive information on fabrication, emerging physical properties, and technological applications of advanced carbon materials. Over three sections, chapters cover such topics as advanced carbon materials in engineering, conjugation of graphene with other 2D materials, fabrication of CNTs and their use in tissue engineering and orthopaedics, and advanced carbon materials for sustainable applications, among others.
Graphene and its derivatives are potential nanomaterials currently being widely investigated for diverse applications due to its exceptional mechanical, electrical, physical, and chemical properties. Examples of the applications include drug delivery, shape memory polymers, gene delivery, biosensor, tissue engineering, flexible electronic devices, antibacterial composites, photovoltaic devices, and physical sensors. Its excellent properties can be used to develop smart nanomaterials with enhanced properties for various advanced applications. There is no doubt that graphene-based nanomaterials are helping to develop next generation technologies with enhancing properties to change people's lifestyles. This book provides an overview of recent research and development of synthesis of graphene and its applications.
This book describes the essential characteristics of graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and its nanocomposite and their applications in water and wastewater treatment and other environmental issues. The book introduces each topic in detail, discusses the basic principles, and analyzes and summarizes recent developments in the field. Various topics covered in this book include role of graphene as a potential material in photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation, water splitting applications, capacitive de-ionization techniques, air purification, gas adsorption, and decontamination of pathogenic microorganisms. Given the contents, the book is useful for students, researchers, and professionals working in the area environmental science and materials, especially graphene oxide, graphene, and graphene nanocomposite.
From a chemistry aspect, graphene is the extrapolated extreme of condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules to infinite size. Here, the concept on aromaticity which organic chemists utilize is applicable. Interesting issues appearing between physics and chemistry are pronounced in nano-sized graphene (nanographene), as we recognize the importance of the shape of nanographene in understanding its electronic structure. In this book, the fundamental issues on the electronic, magnetic, and chemical properties of condensed polycyclic hyodrocarbon molecules, nanographene and graphene are comprehensively discussed.
This book presents the state of the art in the processing, properties, and applications in various fields of science and technology related to graphene and its derivatives. It also discusses the limitations and drawbacks of graphene due to some of its intrinsic properties. Further, it provides a brief overview of graphene analogs, comparing the properties of graphene with those of other similar 2D materials.
Advanced 2D carbon materials such as graphene and derivatives are basic building blocks for future nanostructured generation in electronics and energy horizons owing to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. In this context, production scalability of 2D materials having high purity with distinctive and multi-functionalities, that facilitate in fundamental research and advanced studies as well as in industrial applications. A variety of techniques have been employed to develop 2D advanced carbon materials, amongst state-of-the-art synthetic protocols, electrochemical is deliberated as a promising approach that provides high yield, great performance, low cost, and excellent up-scalability. Notably, playing with electrochemical parameters not only allows tunable properties but also enhances the content variety from graphene to a wide spectrum of 2D semiconductors. In this chapter, a succinct and comprehensive survey of recent progress in electrochemical exfoliation routes and presents the processing techniques, strategic design for exfoliations, mechanisms, and electrochemistry of graphene.
All set to become the standard reference on the topic, this book covers the most important procedures for chemical functionalization, making it an indispensable resource for all chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers entering or already working in the field. Expert authors share their knowledge on a wide range of different functional groups, including organic functional groups, hydrogen, halogen, nanoparticles and polymers.
Graphene (Gr) and its derivatives have ignited tremendous research interest for a wide range of applications in the fields of electricity, energy generation and storage, sensors, water purification, medicine and more due to their superior properties. Gr can be prepared from graphite in many ways: mechanical cleavage, chemical exfoliation, thermal decomposition, or electrochemical exfoliation. Among these, electrochemical exfoliation, which is performed without the use of toxic, corrosive oxidizing/reducing agents, is a simple, rapid, and green method to produce graphene flakes. By taking advantage of their unique properties, electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EG)-based nanomaterials were fabricated for energy applications, specifically to be used in supercapacitor. A free-standing, highly flexible and conductive graphene paper (GrP) was fabricated via a simple, green, and inexpensive method. The fabrication process starts with electrochemical exfoliation of graphite as partially oxidized graphene suspension, which is then vacuum-filtered and air-dried. The thickness of GrP is controlled by adjusting the volume and/or concentration of partially oxidized graphene suspension used for filtration. The procedure does not warrant any binders, toxic and corrosive agents, or high temperature compared to common methods for fabrication of paper-like graphene platforms. The GrP possesses excellent mechanical and electrical properties. and electrochemical characteristics. When used as electrodes in supercapacitor, GrP has superior capacitance retention compared to other paper-like Gr materials reported in the literature. Moreover, the GrP is an excellent absorbent of oils and organic solvents and is reusable. Therefore, this environmentally friendly GrP fabrication method can be used for large-scale fabrication for applications such as energy-storage devices, flexible/wearable electronics, and removal of oil or toxic organic spills (Chapter II). IV To improve the capacitance behavior of GrP, a pseudocapacitive material, manganese dioxide (MnO2), was electrochemically deposited on GrP with different number of MnO2 cycles. After electrochemical deposition process, MnO2 nanoflowers were formed, which enhanced transfer of electrolyte ions. After 10 cycles of electrodeposition, MnO2-coated GrP (GrP/10-MnO2) electrode exhibited an excellent capacitive performance and outstanding cyclic stability. Flexible solid-state supercapacitor made of GrP (negative electrode) and GrP/10-MnO2 (positive electrode) was tested, which showed outstanding capacitance behavior (Chapter III). A facile strategy for the fabrication of EG intercalated with polyaniline (PANI) via one-step interfacial polymerization technique on a heterogeneous biphasic system under acidic condition was studied. EG and the PANI formed a uniform nanocomposite with PANI nanoparticles grafted on the EG surface. The EG-PANI nanocomposite exhibited a high specific capacitance and good capacity retention after 1000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. A solid-state asymmetrical supercapacitor device was fabricated using EG (negative electrode) and EG-PANI (positive electrode), to demonstrate its energy storage application (Chapter IV).