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A monograph on the theory of this procedure and its application to environmental monitoring. Considers all variants of stripping methods as a group of techniques used to study and analyze both solutions and solids. Reflects new qualitative standards attained by recently used electroanalytical stripping methods.
This laboratory book delivers hands-on advice to researchers in all fields of life and physical sciences already applying or intending to apply electro-analytical methods in their research. The authors represent in a strictly practice-oriented manner not only the necessary theoretical background but also substantial know-how on measurement techniques, interpretation of data, experimental setup and trouble shooting. The author and the editor are well-known specialists in their field.
This laboratory book delivers advice to researchers in all fields of life and physical sciences already applying or intending to apply electroanalytical methods in their research. The authors represent not only the necessary theoretical background but know-how on measurement techniques, interpretation of data and experimental setup.
The critically acclaimed guide to the principles, techniques, and instruments of electroanalytical chemistry-now expanded and revised Joseph Wang, internationally renowned authority on electroanalytical techniques, thoroughly revises his acclaimed book to reflect the rapid growth the field has experienced in recent years. He substantially expands the theoretical discussion while providing comprehensive coverage of the latest advances through late 1999, introducing such exciting new topics as self-assembled monolayers, DNA biosensors, lab-on-a-chip, detection for capillary electrophoresis, single molecule detection, and sol-gel surface modification. Along with numerous references from the current literature and new worked-out examples, Analytical Electrochemistry, Second Edition offers clear, reader-friendly explanations of the fundamental principles of electrochemical processes as well as important insight into the potential of electroanalysis for problem solving in a wide range of fields, from clinical diagnostics to environmental science. Key topics include: The basics of electrode reactions and the structure of the interfacial region Tools for elucidating electrode reactions and high-resolution surface characterization An overview of finite-current controlled potential techniques Electrochemical instrumentation and electrode materials Principles of potentiometric measurements and ion-selective electrodes Chemical sensors, including biosensors, gas sensors, solid-state devices, and sensor arrays
Introduction1. CONDUCTOMETRYElectrolytic ConductanceOhm’s LawSpecific ConductanceEquivalent ConductanceMolar ConductanceDetermination of Electrolytic ConductanceTypes of Conductivity CellsConductivity MeasurementsImmersed-Electrode MeasurementsElectrodeless MeasurementsApplications of Conductivity MeasurementsDetermination of Ionic Product of Water (KW)Determination of Solubility of Sparingly Soluble SaltsConductometric TitrationsDetermination of Purity of WaterConcentration DeterminationIon ChromatographyProblemsReferences2. POTENTIOMETRYPrincipleInstrumentationReference ElectrodesIndicator ElectrodesAnalytical InformationAdvantagesApplicationsPotentiometric TitrationsOther ApplicationsProblemsReferences3. VOLTAMMETRYPolarographyDc Polarography (Conventional Polarography)PrincipleFaradaic and Non-Faradaic ProcessesFaradaic CurrentNon-Faradaic CurrentPolarographic WaveCharging CurrentMass TransportLimiting CurrentsPolarographic MaximaInstrumentationPotentiostatElectrochemical CellTwo-electrode PolarographThree-electrode PolarographInert AtmosphereQuantitative TechniquesWave Height–Concentration PlotsInternal Standard (Pilot Ion) MethodMethod of Standard AdditionPulse PolarographyBasic PrincipleNormal Pulse PolarographyDifferential Pulse PolarographyPulse Voltammetry at Stationary ElectrodeApplicationsFundamental Harmonic AC PolarographyFaradaic Electrode ProcessesChronopotentiometryLinear Sweep Voltammetry and Related TechniquesTheory for Faradaic ProcessesCoupled Chemical ReactionsStripping VoltammetryAnodic Stripping VoltammetryElectrodesTheory and TechniquesCathodic Stripping VoltammetryAdsorptive Stripping VoltammetryProblemsReferences4. AMPEROMETRYPrincipleInstrumentationAmperometric Detection and BiosensorsAmperometric TitrationsTitrations with DMETitrations with Rotating Pt ElectrodeBiamperometric TitrationsAdvantages of Amperometric TitrationsApplicationsProblemsReferences5. COULOMETRYControlled Potential MethodsCoulometric MeasurementsControlled Current MethodsCoulometric MeasurementsApplications
Principles of Polarography is a revised and extended version of an original Czech edition that appeared in 1962 at the Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague. Based on a one-term course of lectures for third-year students of chemistry at the Charles University it brings the fundamental results of more than forty years' research in the field of polarography. The book contains 22 chapters and opens with a discussion of the principles of polarography. This is followed by separate chapters on polarizable electrodes used in polarography; charging current; influence of the resistance of the electrolyte on polarographic curves; migration and diffusion-controlled currents; and equation of a reversible polarographic wave. Subsequent chapters deal with reversible processes controlled by diffusion of complex ions; reversible reduction of organic substances; deposition of mercury ions; irreversible electrode processes; applications of limiting currents; polarographic curves for the formation of semiquinones and dimers; and catalytic hydrogen currents.
Laboratory Methods in Dynamic Electroanalysis is a useful guide to introduce analytical chemists and scientists of related disciplines to the world of dynamic electroanalysis using simple and low-cost methods. The trend toward decentralization of analysis has made this fascinating field one of the fastest-growing branches of analytical chemistry. As electroanalytical devices have moved from conventional electrochemical cells (10-20 mL) to current cells (e.g. 5-50 mL) based on different materials such as paper or polymers that integrate thick- or thin-film electrodes, interesting strategies have emerged, such as the combination of microfluidic cells and biosensing or nanostructuration of electrodes. This book provides detailed, easy procedures for dynamic electroanalysis and covers the main trends in electrochemical cells and electrodes, including microfluidic electrodes, electrochemical detection in microchip electrophoresis, nanostructuration of electrodes, development of bio (enzymatic, immuno, and DNA) assays, paper-based electrodes, interdigitated array electrodes, multiplexed analysis, and combination with optics. Different strategies and techniques (amperometric, voltammetric, and impedimetric) are presented in a didactic, practice-based way, and a bibliography provides readers with additional sources of information. - Provides easy-to-implement experiments using low-cost, simple equipment - Includes laboratory methodologies that utilize both conventional designs and the latest trends in dynamic electroanalysis - Goes beyond the fundamentals covered in other books, focusing instead on practical applications of electroanalysis
This book provides up-to-date discussion of modern polarographic methods, with examples and experimental details. It is designed for the practicing analyst and a factor in bringing the reincarnated area of analytical chemistry into a new and healthy maturity.
Das führende Werk auf seinem Gebiet - jetzt durchgängig auf den neuesten Stand gebracht! Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Elektrochemie, erweitert um die aktuellsten Erkenntnisse in der Theorie des Elektronentransfers, werden hier ebenso besprochen wie alle wichtigen Anwendungen, darunter modernste Verfahren (Ultramikroelektroden, modifizierte Elektroden, LCEC, Impedanzspektrometrie, neue Varianten der Pulsvoltammetrie und andere). In erster Linie als Lehrbuch gedacht, läßt sich das Werk aber auch hervorragend zum Selbststudium und zur Auffrischung des Wissensstandes verwenden. Lediglich elementare Grundkenntnisse der physikalischen Chemie werden vorausgesetzt.