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Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Engineering - Power Engineering, grade: A, GC University (GC University), language: English, abstract: Energy is considered to be the life line of an economy. It is a most vital instrument of the socio-economic development of a country. Energy is a very important factor in the production process. Energy is pivotal in running machinery in factories and industrial units, for lighting our cities and powering our vehicles etc. There has been enormous increase in the demand of energy due to the massive industrialization and rapid population growth in comparison to the enhancement in the supply of energy production. Supply of energy is, therefore, far less than the actual demand, resultantly crisis has emerged. An energy crisis can be defined as any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. With the evolution of civilizations, the human demand for energy has continuously increased. At present, the key factor which drives the growth in energy demand include increasing human population, modernization and urbanization. According to the united nations , the world population 6.5 billion in 2005 is to grow to 9.1 billion by 2050 and most of the population growth is expected to place in the developing world Asia and Africa.(Dinner, 1999). Poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy and environmental degradation are the most important challenges faced by the world. Poor and inadequate access to secure an affordable means of energy in one of the crucial factors behind these issues. Electricity for example is vital for providing basic social services such as education and health, water supply and purification, sanitation, and refrigeration of essential medicines. Electricity is of course, very helpful in supporting a wide range of income generation opportunities. The leading countries in the world in terms of population without access to electricity include India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Congo, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Tanzania, and Kenya. With the growing world population and people's aspiration for improved life a central and collective global issue in the new century is to sustain socio-economic growth within the constraints of the earth’s limited natural resource along with preserving the environment.
The book presents a detailed analysis of the nature and the implications of the ongoing energy crisis in Pakistan. In this regard the role of pertinent stakeholders has been critically reflected upon. Highlighting the key strengths of the national energy base, solutions have been suggested to achieve a sustainable energy future for the country.
"While the energy sector is a primary target of efforts to arrest and reverse the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and lower the carbon footprint of development, it is also expected to be increasingly affected by unavoidable climate consequences from the damage already induced in the biosphere. Energy services and resources, as well as seasonal demand, will be increasingly affected by changing trends, increasing variability, greater extremes and large inter-annual variations in climate parameters in some regions. All evidence suggests that adaptation is not an optional add-on but an essential reckoning on par with other business risks. Existing energy infrastructure, new infrastructure and future planning need to consider emerging climate conditions and impacts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Integrated risk-based planning processes will be critical to address the climate change impacts and harmonize actions within and across sectors. Also, awareness, knowledge, and capacity impede mainstreaming of climate adaptation into the energy sector. However, the formal knowledge base is still nascent?information needs are complex and to a certain extent regionally and sector specific. This report provides an up-to-date compendium of what is known about weather variability and projected climate trends and their impacts on energy service provision and demand. It discusses emerging practices and tools for managing these impacts and integrating climate considerations into planning processes and operational practices in an environment of uncertainty. It focuses on energy sector adaptation, rather than mitigation which is not discussed in this report. This report draws largely on available scientific and peer-reviewed literature in the public domain and takes the perspective of the developing world to the extent possible."
This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources - bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy - as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers.
In the wake of the unprecedented challenges posed by the coronavirus, the world grapples with a health crisis and economic, environmental, and energy challenges. This pandemic’s disastrous impact on these areas is often a matter of justice. Beyond the immediate human toll, the economic ramifications have sent shockwaves through business organizations, disrupting the foundations of leading economies. This period, marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, serves as a litmus test for leadership, demanding strategic acumen from the energy industry and all facets of global business. Energy Crisis and Its Impact on Global Business explores the multifaceted challenges business organizations face after the COVID-19 energy crises. The book delves into the imperative of restructuring for sustainable growth and stability, guiding organizations to navigate the complex management of people, energy, and supply chains. This book spans the challenges arising from post-COVID energy crises. From the foundational problem of access to basic health facilities due to energy shortages to the intricacies of maintaining smooth supply chains, motivating a workforce grappling with unpredictable management decisions, and addressing leadership challenges, the book offers a comprehensive understanding of contemporary business. A broad spectrum of individuals will find this book to be pivotal, with the audience encompassing students, graduates, research scholars, practitioners, employees, consultants, corporate bodies, and technocrats involved in or affected by the dynamic shifts in the global business paradigm.
The social and economic systems of any country are influenced by a range of factors. As the global population grows in developing nations, it has become essential to examine the effects of urbanization. Urbanization and Its Impact on Socio-Economic Growth in Developing Regions is a pivotal reference source for the latest research findings on the role of urban growth on the socio-economic infrastructures in developing regions. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant areas such as job creation, sustainability, and transportation planning, this publication is an ideal resource for city development planners, decision-makers, researchers, academics, and students interested in emerging perspectives on socio-economic development.
Now with a new introduction for the Tor Essentials line, A Fire Upon the Deep is sure to bring a new generation of SF fans to Vinge's award-winning works. A Hugo Award-winning Novel! “Vinge is one of the best visionary writers of SF today.”-David Brin Thousands of years in the future, humanity is no longer alone in a universe where a mind's potential is determined by its location in space, from superintelligent entities in the Transcend, to the limited minds of the Unthinking Depths, where only simple creatures, and technology, can function. Nobody knows what strange force partitioned space into these "regions of thought," but when the warring Straumli realm use an ancient Transcendent artifact as a weapon, they unwittingly unleash an awesome power that destroys thousands of worlds and enslaves all natural and artificial intelligence. Fleeing this galactic threat, Ravna crash lands on a strange world with a ship-hold full of cryogenically frozen children, the only survivors from a destroyed space-lab. They are taken captive by the Tines, an alien race with a harsh medieval culture, and used as pawns in a ruthless power struggle. Tor books by Vernor Vinge Zones of Thought Series A Fire Upon The Deep A Deepness In The Sky The Children of The Sky Realtime/Bobble Series The Peace War Marooned in Realtime Other Novels The Witling Tatja Grimm's World Rainbows End Collections Collected Stories of Vernor Vinge True Names At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.
Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and rising food, fuel, and commodity prices, addressing poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. The proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has been much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. This publication analyzes the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. it also provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritizes future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey.