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The Instrument and Automation Engineers’ Handbook (IAEH) is the Number 1 process automation handbook in the world. The two volumes in this greatly expanded Fifth Edition deal with measurement devices and analyzers. Volume one, Measurement and Safety, covers safety sensors and the detectors of physical properties, while volume two, Analysis and Analysis, describes the measurement of such analytical properties as composition. Complete with 245 alphabetized chapters and a thorough index for quick access to specific information, the IAEH, Fifth Edition is a must-have reference for instrument and automation engineers working in the chemical, oil/gas, pharmaceutical, pollution, energy, plastics, paper, wastewater, food, etc. industries.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of hazardous areas containing explosive gases, vapors, and combustible dust. It also discusses about the different types of protection techniques used in explosion-proof electrical equipment. This book further provides guidance on how to deal with electrical explosions caused by fires due to arcs and sparks caused by a failure in the design, manufacture, selection, installation, or maintenance of electrical equipment. Among the topics covered in this book are overview of hazardous areas, various types of protection available, mechanisms for explosion pressure to build inside flameproof enclosures, concept of preventing explosions in flammable and dusty environments, unique features of explosion-proof motors, process of testing and certifying explosion-proof equipment in India and abroad, and mechanisms for the initiation and prevention of explosions resulting from non-electric sources. The book also discusses topics such as the selection, installation, inspection, and maintenance of electrical equipment. In addition, this book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the fields of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering, mining engineering, and testing laboratories that test and certify explosion-proof equipment.
Unsurpassed in its coverage, usability, and authority since its first publication in 1969, the three-volume Instrument Engineers' Handbook continues to be the premier reference for instrument engineers around the world. It helps users select and implement hundreds of measurement and control instruments and analytical devices and design the most cost-effective process control systems that optimize production and maximize safety. Now entering its fourth edition, Volume 1: Process Measurement and Analysis is fully updated with increased emphasis on installation and maintenance consideration. Its coverage is now fully globalized with product descriptions from manufacturers around the world. Béla G. Lipták speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel.
This handbook is dedicated to the next generation of automation engineers working in the fields of measurement, control, and safety, describing the sensors and detectors used in the measurement of process variables.
The Third Edition of this best-selling text continues to familiarize electricians with the intricate details of performing electrical installations in hazardous locations. Intended to serve as a general reference on the classes, groups, and divisions of hazardous locations, the text provides users with a comprehensive introduction to what hazardous locations are and are not, before progressing to more complex topics such as the requirements for equipment protection systems, protection against ignition from static electricity and lightning, and NEC? compliance. Completely updated, Electrical Installations in Hazardous Locations, Third Edition now includes information on the availability of new technology, as well as the latest national and international codes and standards.
Process Systems Risk Management provides complete coverage of risk management concepts and applications for safe design and operation of industrial and other process facilities. The whole life cycle of the process or product is taken into account, from its conception to decommissioning. The breadth of human factors in risk management is also treated, ranging from personnel and public safety to environmental impact and business interruption. This unique approach to process risk management is firmly grounded in systems engineering. Numerous examples are used to illustrate important concepts –drawn from almost 40 years authors' experience in risk analysis, assessment and management, with applications in both on- and off-shore operations. This book is essential reading on the relevant techniques to tackle risk management activities for small-, medium- and large-scale operations in the process industries. It is aimed at informing a wide audience of industrial risk management practitioners, including plant managers, engineers, health professionals, town planners, and administrators of regulatory agencies. - A computational perspective on the risk management of chemical processes - A multifaceted approach that includes the technical, social, human and management factors - Includes numerous examples and illustrations from real life incidents
A unique resource for process measurement Basic Process Measurements provides a unique resource explaining the industrial measuring devices that gauge such key variables as temperature, pressure, density, level, and flow. With an emphasis on the most commonly installed technologies, this guide outlines both the process variable being measured as well as how the relevant measuring instruments function. The benefits of each technology are considered in turn, along with their potential problems. Looking at both new and existing technologies, the book maintains a practical focus on properly selecting and deploying the best technology for a given process application. The coverage in Basic Process Measurements enables the practitioner to: Resolve problems with currently installed devices Upgrade currently installed devices to newer and better technologies Add instruments for process variables not previously measurable Evaluate device installations from a perspective of both normal process operating conditions and abnormal conditions Determine the best technology for a given set of process conditions Designed for a wide range of technical professionals, Basic Process Measurements provides a balanced treatment of the concepts, background information, and specific processes and technologies making up this critical aspect of process improvement and control.
This part of GB 3836 specifies the general requirements for construction, testing and marking of electrical equipment and Ex components intended for use in explosive atmospheres. Unless modified by one of the standards supplementing this standard, electrical equipment complying with this standard is intended for use in hazardous areas in which explosive atmospheres exist under normal atmospheric conditions of Temperature: -20℃ to +60℃; Pressure: 80kPa to 110kPa; Air with normal oxygen content (Volume ratio): 21%. The application of electrical equipment in atmospheric conditions outside this range requires special consideration and may require additional assessment and testing. Note 1: Although the normal atmospheric conditions above give a temperature range for the atmosphere of -20℃ to +60℃, the normal ambient temperature range for the equipment is-20℃ to +40℃, unless otherwise specified and marked, see 5.1.1. Note 2: In designing equipment for operation in explosive atmospheres under conditions other than the atmospheric conditions given above, this standard may be used for guidance. However, additional testing related specifically to the intended conditions of use is recommended. This is particularly important when the types of protection 'flameproof enclosure "d"' (GB 3836.2-2010) and 'intrinsic safety "i"' (GB 3836.4-2010 or GB 12476.4-2010) are applied. Note 3: Requirements given in this standard result from an ignition hazard assessment made on electrical equipment. The ignition sources taken into account are those found associated with this type of equipment, such as hot surfaces, mechanically generated sparks, thermite reactions, electrical arcing and static electric discharge in normal industrial environments. Note 4: It is acknowledged that, with developments in technology, it may be possible to achieve the objectives of the GB 3836 series of standards in respect of explosion prevention by methods that are not yet fully defined. Where a manufacturer wishes to take advantage of such developments, this International Standard, as well as other standards in the GB 3836 series, may be applied in part. It is intended that the manufacturer prepare documentation that clearly defines how the GB 3836 series of standards has been applied, together with a full explanation of the additional techniques employed. Under such circumstances,, the designation "Ex s" has been reserved to indicate a type of protection that is not defined by the GB 3836 series of standards, Note 5: Where an explosive gas atmosphere and a combustible dust atmosphere are, or may be, present at the same time, the simultaneous presence of both should be considered and may require additional protective measures. This standard does not specify requirements for safety, other than those directly related to the explosion risk. Ignition sources like adiabatic compression, shock waves, exothermic chemical reaction, self ignition of dust, naked flames and hot gases/liquids, are not addressed by this part. Note 6: Such equipment should be subjected to a hazard analysis that identifies and lists all of the potential sources of ignition by the electrical equipment and the measures to be applied to prevent them becoming effective. This standard is supplemented or modified by the following standards concerning specific types of protection: GB 3836.2-2010 Gas-Flameproof Enclosures "d; GB 3836.3-2010 Gas-Increased Safety "e; GB 3836.4-2010 Gas-Intrinsic Safety "i; GB 3836.5-2004 Gas-Pressurized Enclosures "p; GB 3836.6-2004 Gas-Oil Immersion "o; GB 3836.7-2004 Gas-Powder Filling "q; GB 3836.8-2003 Gas-Type of Protection "n; GB 3836.9-2006 Gas-Encapsulation "m; GB 12476.7-2010 Dust-Pressurization "pD; GB 12476.4-2010 Dust-Intrinsic Safety "iD; GB 12476.6-2010 Dust-Encapsulation "mD; IEC 61241-1 Dust-Protection by Enclosures "tD. This standard is supplemented or modified by the following equipment standards: ——GB 3836.18-2010 "Explosive Atmospheres-Part 18: Intrinsically Safe System"; ——GB 3836.20-2010 "Explosive Atmospheres-Part 20: Equipment with Equipment Protection Level (EPL) Ga"; ——GB 7957-2003 "General Requirements for Safety of Cap Lamp"; ——GB 19518.1-2004 "Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres Electrical Resistance Trace Heating Part 1: General and Testing Requirements"; ——IEC 60079-28 "Explosive Atmospheres-Part 28: Protection of Equipment and Transmission Systems Using Optical Radiation. This part of GB 3836 together with other parts in the GB 3836 series and the additional standards mentioned above, are not applicable to the construction of electro-medical apparatus, shot-firing exploders, test devices for exploders, and shot-firing circuits. Note 7: "Flameproof enclosures" and "Flameproof type" in this part of GB 3836 are synonym.
This standard specifies the safety guide for explosion protection in explosive hazardous areas. It includes the requirements for the safety protection of the owner to the workers in various types of explosive hazardous areas, as well as the common explosion proof safety technical requirements in the design, manufacture, inspection, sale, installation, use, overhauling, and maintenance of the equipment and protection system.