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This book employs Markov models and propensity score matching methods to analyze the demand for elderly care labor, utilizing data from the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and World Population Prospects 2022 (United Nations, 2022). The model predicts the health transferring scenario among the aging population firstly, and then the demand for elderly care labor from 2022 to 2058 under a fixed care time demand scenario according to 8-hour working system, as well as national and provincial regulations on caregiver-carereceiver ratios. The accelerated aging process and rapid increase in the younger elderly population will result in a rapid increase in the demand for elderly care labor for the healthy elderly until about 2042, with a 1.5-fold increase. This is followed by accelerated growth in the demand for elderly care labor for the impaired and dysfunctional aging populationb. Over time, the supply of older adults without care will gradually increase, nearly doubling by 2058 compared to 2022. It is recommended that the effective supply of elderly care be expanded by improving the health of the population, building a modern care service system, improving relevant policies, integrating care resources, and innovating the supply model.
Social policy in modern industrialised societies is increasingly challenged by new social risks. These include insecure employment resulting from ever more volatile labour markets, new family and gender relationships resulting from the growing participation of women in the labour market, and the many problems resulting from very much longer human life expectancy. Whereas once social policy had to be in step with a standardised, relatively stable and predictable life course, it now has to cope with non-standardised individual preferences, life courses and families, and the consequent increased risks and uncertainties. This book examines these new life courses and their impact on social policy across a range of East Asian societies. It shows how governments and social welfare institutions have been slow to respond to the new challenges. In response, we propose a life-course sensitised policy as an approach to manage these risks. Overall, the book provides many new insights which will assist advance social policy in East Asia.
Nurse Migration in Asia explores the ever-increasing need for a larger nursing and healthcare workforce in Asia, where countries are undergoing rapid transformation, given economic globalisation and commercial expansion. The book examines some of the major forces that play key roles in the changing dynamics of 21st century nurse and care worker migration in the Asian context; changes which inevitably have global implications. The country case studies range from India, China, Singapore to Japan and the Philippines. Common themes emerge: the rapid and unpredictable nature of nurse migration patterns, including the direction, purpose and frequency of migration; and the changes in professional training, regulation, and workforce policy. Forces causing these shifts include the changing population demography, global and regional economic fluctuations, and finally changing professional roles and gender dynamics. The book analyses the response to these transformations, and how countries adjust their immigration regulations, to attract foreign healthcare professionals. It concludes by highlighting the importance for all countries to remain vigilant as regards the exacerbating workforce crisis, and engage in developing coherent policy governance frameworks to manage healthcare workforce at the national or international levels. A valuable addition to the literature, this book will be of interest to academics in the field of nursing, health and social care workforce studies, population demography, labour markets, gender and international migration studies, globalisation in health and Asian studies.
This book provides a systematic study of the challenges of aging in China and of the measures being taken, planned, and still needed to cope with the challenges. It highlights that the number of people aged 65 or above is growing and that the growth will accelerate—from 176 million people representing 12.6% of the population in 2019 to 310 million representing 22.3% of the population by 2035, and it also highlights that the aging comes at a time when China’s economy is not yet fully developed and not yet fully balanced. The book outlines how China has already established an elderly care system and is beginning to meet the needs of the elderly for economic security, social services, and so on; discusses the need for enhancing and considerably extending the existing system; and proposes reform ideas and key policy options.
Positive psychology aims to understand how people can better their lives, and ultimately, flourish. Since Martin Seligman spearheaded this movement of looking for the positives in life rather than focusing on the negatives, substantial research has been conducted. This research indicates that positive psychological resources, such as resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and self-esteem can help individuals build their personal capabilities, which are associated with higher levels of physical, psychological, social and behavioral health. Health management is also a broad topic, containing management of all health-related issues, involving policy-making, legal regulation, workforce management, healthcare quality, specific disease management, etc. There has been a drastic increase in research on applying positive psychology to health management. The increasing theoretical and empirical studies have revealed that positive psychological theories have positive effects on the patients’ physical and mental health, quality of life and on healthcare workers’ job satisfaction, burnout, and quality of work life. Disease management and health workforce management are two major subjects that involve positive psychology, that have been widely investigated in the past few years. Therefore, by combining positive psychology and health management, this topic aims to facilitate cutting edge ideas and research to explore multidisciplinary approaches of positive psychology in disease management and health workforce management. Our specific aim is to explore how the construct of positive psychology mitigates the negative consequences on patients or family with disease burden, and healthcare workers under job-related stress. Furthermore, we hope to recognize the distinct adaptive trajectories of these areas, on which positive psychological resources may have an effect. Based on these, we want to highlight the efficacy, effectiveness and implementation of positive psychology-based intervention for patients or healthcare workers to promote resiliency. Through the achievement of these aims, we also hope to develop new theories and instruments which are culturally sensitive and contextually innovative.
CSA Sociological Abstracts abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,800+ serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers.
Connecting the Disconnected presents the findings of the field research designed to evaluate financial practices and strategies among urban and rural Bhutanese households. The study was commissioned in 2012 by the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan and the World Bank to provide qualitative evidence to the country's Financial Inclusion Policy. The book explores where, how, and why diff erent demographic groups save, borrow, send remittances, and insure themselves; it also evaluates the potential for innovations to extend fi nancial inclusion. Analysis of results from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews reveals three key patterns: Bhutan is a cash-based economy where households have a vibrant, if informal, savings and lending culture; rural areas are particularly underserved by formal fi nancial services; and women and youth represent an untapped market segment. The book reveals a demand for financial services with less complex and time-consuming banking procedures than are currently off ered-in particular, small, periodic savings and loan services; more accessible deposit and withdrawal services; and flexible loan requirements. In response to the demand for saving locally and in small amounts, group savings schemes and cooperatives are slowly emerging in Bhutan. These could serve rural communities until households become integrated into the formal financial system, though support and capacity building will be critical to ensure that savings are protected. Households struggle with banks' requirements and procedures and turn instead to informal lenders. Even households with some access to the formal fi nancial sector continue to use informal financing. The findings highlight a need for formal microfinance services providing small group and individual loans with flexible repayments. Savings strategies and attitudes suggest that Bhutanese households could benefit from fi nancial literacy education. More eff ective consumer protection is also needed. For instance, dispute resolution that is easily accessed would increase trust in the fi nancial sector. Also, the spread of mobile phone banking has been constrained by the limited mobile banking technology in use and low English-language literacy. However, the widespread use of mobile phones suggests that innovative technology could create new opportunities. Other innovative strategies worth considering include branchless banking to improve fi nancial access in remote areas. Finally, use of insurance services appears to be limited by a lack of knowledge. Remittances are used to send money both within Bhutan and abroad, but many rural communities lack access to formal remittance services and must rely instead on informal-and often expensive-options.
The book provides an exhaustive inquiry of Bangladesh s seasonal hunger with special focus on the northwest region where it is more pronounced than in other areas. It also presents an evaluation of several policy interventions launched recently in mitigating seasonality.