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This paper describes a system for generating natural-language sentences from an interlingual representation, Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS). The system has been developed as part of a Chinese-English Machine Translation system; however, it is designed to be used for many other MT language pairs and Natural Language applications. The contributions of this work include: (1) Development of a language-independent generation system that maximizes efficiency through the use of a hybrid rule-based/statiscal module; (2) Enhancements to an interlingual representation and associated algorithms for interpretation of multiply ambiguous input sentences; (3) Development of an efficient reusable language-independent linearization module with a grammar description language that can be used with other systems; (4) Improvements to an earlier algorithm for hierarchically mapping thematic roles to surface positions; (5) Development of a diagnostic tool for lexicon coverage and correctness and use of the tool for verification of English, Spanish, and Chinese lexicons. An evaluation of translation quality shows comparable performance with commercial translation system. The generation system can also be straightforwardly extended to ther languages and this is demonstrated and evaluated for Spanish.
This paper describes a system for generating natural-language sentences from an interlingual representation, Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS). The system has been developed as part of a Chinese-English Machine Translation system; however, it is designed to be used for many other MT language pairs and Natural Language applications. The contributions of this work include: (1) Development of a language-independent generation system that maximizes efficiency through the use of a hybrid rule-based/statistical module; (2) Enhancements to an interlingual representation and associated algorithms for interpretation of multiply ambiguous input sentences; (3) Development of an efficient reusable language-independent linearization module with a grammar description language that can be used with other systems; (4) Improvements to an earlier algorithm for hierarchically mapping thematic roles to surface positions; (5) Development of a diagnostic tool for lexicon coverage and correctness and use of the tool for verification of English, Spanish, and Chinese lexicons. An evaluation of translation quality shows comparable performance with commercial translation system. The generation system can also be straightforwardly extended to their languages and this is demonstrated and evaluated for Spanish.
The previous conference in this series (AMTA 2002) took up the theme “From Research to Real Users”, and sought to explore why recent research on data-driven machine translation didn’t seem to be moving to the marketplace. As it turned out, the ?rst commercial products of the data-driven research movement were just over the horizon, andintheinterveningtwoyearstheyhavebeguntoappearinthemarketplace. Atthesame time,rule-basedmachinetranslationsystemsareintroducingdata-driventechniquesinto the mix in their products. Machine translation as a software application has a 50-year history. There are an increasing number of exciting deployments of MT, many of which will be exhibited and discussed at the conference. But the scale of commercial use has never approached the estimates of the latent demand. In light of this, we reversed the question from AMTA 2002, to look at the next step in the path to commercial success for MT. We took user needs as our theme, and explored how or whether market requirements are feeding into research programs. The transition of research discoveries to practical use involves te- nicalquestionsthatarenotassexyasthosethathavedriventheresearchcommunityand research funding. Important product issues such as system customizability, computing resource requirements, and usability and ?tness for particular tasks need to engage the creativeenergiesofallpartsofourcommunity,especiallyresearch,aswemovemachine translation from a niche application to a more pervasive language conversion process. Thesetopicswereaddressedattheconferencethroughthepaperscontainedinthesep- ceedings, and even more speci?cally through several invited presentations and panels.
This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS '96, held in Sydney, Australia, in August 1996. The book presents five full papers by the invited speakers together with 15 revised full papers selected for presentation at the conference from a respectable number of submissions. The issues addressed are natural language processing, information retrieval, graph operations, conceptual graph and Peirce theory, knowledge acquisition, theorem proving and CG programming, and order-based organisation and encoding.
Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future When the organizing committee of AMTA-2000 began planning, it was in that brief moment in history when we were absorbed in contemplation of the passing of the century and the millennium. Nearly everyone was comparing lists of the most important accomplishments and people of the last 10, 100, or 1000 years, imagining the radical changes likely over just the next few years, and at least mildly anxious about the potential Y2K apocalypse. The millennial theme for the conference, “Envisioning MT in the Information Future,” arose from this period. The year 2000 has now come, and nothing terrible has happened (yet) to our electronic infrastructure. Our musings about great people and events probably did not ennoble us much, and whatever sense of jubilee we held has since dissipated. So it may seem a bit obsolete or anachronistic to cast this AMTA conference into visionary themes.
Machine Translation and the Information Soup! Over the past fty years, machine translation has grown from a tantalizing dream to a respectable and stable scienti c-linguistic enterprise, with users, c- mercial systems, university research, and government participation. But until very recently, MT has been performed as a relatively distinct operation, so- what isolated from other text processing. Today, this situation is changing rapidly. The explosive growth of the Web has brought multilingual text into the reach of nearly everyone with a computer. We live in a soup of information, an increasingly multilingual bouillabaisse. And to partake of this soup, we can use MT systems together with more and more tools and language processing technologies|information retrieval engines, - tomated text summarizers, and multimodal and multilingual displays. Though some of them may still be rather experimental, and though they may not quite t together well yet, it is clear that the future will o er text manipulation systems that contain all these functions, seamlessly interconnected in various ways.