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Several soilborne fungi were isolated from root rots of date palm trees and offshoots, including: Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. solani, Thilaviopsis paradoxa, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Rhizoctonia solani. In vitro testing, the efficacy of plant extract Marjoram at 100% was the most effective against pathogenic fungi, while garlic as essential oil at 500 ppm and jojoba as fixed oil at 500 ppm were the most effective against pathogenic fungi. Plant-Guard at 3.5 ml/L was the most effective against pathogenic fungi. Topsin M70 was the most effective against pathogenic fungi in vitro. In greenhouse Topsin M70 was the most effective to decreased root rot of date palm.
The decline disease in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has become one of the most severe problems in date palm offshoots of the Egypt. Our previous studies have established that Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Syn: Botryodiplodia theobromae) is one of the fungi causing root rot diseases. This study was carried out in three governorates Bani-suef, Behara and Kaluobia. A survey of governorates was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to collect the root-rotted samples from rhizosphere of declined date palm offshoot and trees. Behara was the most affected governorate with 25.5% disease severity, while in Kaluobia it was 14.5% and in Bani-suef it was 13%. Bartamoda cultivar was the least susceptible to infection by the pathogenic fungus followed by Sakoty, Siwey, Sammany and Zaghloul. L. theobromae was most abundantly isolated fungal pathogen. Colony growth of L. theobromae was maximum at 35ºC and optimum temperature for disease incidence and severity was 30ºC. Relative humidity percentage of 70% is best for the growth of L. theobromae, while the optimum Rh% for disease incidence and severity it was 60%. Water salinity (ECw) at the concentration 15.63 ds/m2 was reduction linear growth of L. theobromae to 17.03%, while at water salinity concentration increased the severity of all cultivars tested. Root exudates from Bartamoda cv. the most effective on growth rate of L. theobromae at concentration 10%, it was reduction linear growth to 41.30%. Jojoba oil proved the best bioagent in vitro suppressing the growth of L. theobromae showing reduction of linear growth to 83.33% at 500 ppm. Plant guard was found the second most effective reduction to 52.96%. Marjoram showed the least efficacy against L. theobromae in all concentrations. Experiments in greenhouse to control the root rot disease proved the Jojoba oil gave the best results to decreased disease severity, followed by Plant guard and the least was Marjoram against L. theobromae at all cultivars tested.
Date palm trees are exposed to infection with different diseases caused by many soil-borne pathogenic fungi that may cause considerable losses in the offshoots and trees. This study was carried out on five cvs. of date palm during two years in Aswan and New Valley governorates. Isolation and identification of associated fungi showed that the most frequent fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme and Thielaviopsis paradoxa while the least frequent was Phytophthora sp. The cultivars were differed susceptible to infection by the isolated pathogenic fungi. Barhey cultivar was the most susceptible to infection, followed by Gondaila, Siwey and Partmoda cultivars, while Sakkoty cultivar was the least susceptible. Seven streptomycetes were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy date palm cultivated in Aswan governorate. Streptomycetes were namated viz. Streptomyces bobilii (isolate A1, A5 and A7), Streptomyces grisiobrunneus (isolate A2 and A3), Streptomyces albolongus (isolate A4 and A6). Three isolates A1, A6 and A3 of them gave highest results in vitro and in greenhouse experiments against soil-borne pathogenic fungi compared with negative and positive control. The obtained results showed that Streptomyces had the highest efficacy on root rots of date palm. This is the first study done to use actinomycetes against soil-borne pathogenic fungi that caused root rots of date palm.
The current volume focuses on novel sources of biofungicides, primarily providing complete knowledge of microbial and phytochemical fungicides, studying antifungal activity mechanisms as well as their role in disease management in plants, and fungicide bioremediation. The use of biofungicides as eco-friendly alternative to typical synthetic fungicides is projected to play a significant role in organic farming in the future. Key Features: Discovers novel sources of biofungicides Describes the role of biofungicides in the control of plant diseases Studies antifungal activity mechanisms Explores how to survey and select promising biofungicides
Smart Agrochemicals for Sustainable Agriculture proposes products that fulfill the need for chemicals that provide a sustainable delivery system for nutrients necessary to maximize the production of agricultural animals and plants while producing the smallest possible environmental footprint. This book addresses all aspects related to the production process, including chemical formulas, stability of formulations, and the application of the effect of its utilization. Over the past decade, biobased chemicals have received significant attention as candidate resource materials in fertilizers and agrochemicals production due to their renewability. Substitution of conventional raw materials with biobased requires a new approach towards the development of technology. On the other hand, the use of biobased chemicals, such as biostimulants, bioregulators and biofertilizers offers a new palette of products that are natural, thus their application does not pose an impact on the environment (residues) or cultivated plants. Presents ideas for new products that provide appropriate nutrition while limiting environmental footprints Includes a full range of the production process, from chemical formulas to establishing the stability of formulations, applications and effects Offers a host of new products that are natural and whose applications do not negatively impact the environment nor cultivated plants
This book is focused on clarifying the anticancer effects (i.e., apoptotic, antiproliferative, antimetastatic, antiangiogenic) and mechanisms of most of the medicinal plants found in the world against solid and/or hematological cancers.
The Second Edition of this bestseller brings together basic plant pathology methods published in diverse and often abstract publications. The Second Edition is updated and expanded with numerous new figures, new culture media, and additional methods for working with a greater number of organisms. Methods are easy to use and eliminate the need to seek out original articles. This reference allows for easy identification of methods appropriate for specific problems and facilities. Scientific names of pathogens and some of their hosts are updated in this edition. The book also acts as a research source providing more than 1,800 literature citations. The Second Edition includes chapters on the following: Sterilization of culture apparatus and culture media Culture of pathogens with detailed techniques for 61 fungi and selected bacteria Long-term storage of plant pathogens Detection and estimation of inoculum for 28 soilborne fungal pathogens and 5 bacterial genera-15 methods for airborne inoculum and 13 methods for seedborne pathogens Establishment of disease and testing for disease resistance Work with soil microorganisms Fungicide evaluation Biological control Bright-field microscopy
This book discusses new trends in nanotechnology. It covers a wide range of topics starting from applications of nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells, pharmacy, and dentistry to self-assembled growth of GaN nanostructures on flexible metal foils by laser molecular beam epitaxy. It also includes other interesting topics such as advancement in carbon nanotubes; processing techniques, purification and industrial applications, metal di-chalcogenides for waste water treatment and recent advancement in nanostructured-based electrochemical genosensors for pathogen detection and many more. The book will be of great interest to researchers, professionals and students working in the areas of nanomaterials and nanotechnology.
This book is the first volume of a comprehensive assemblage of contemporary knowledge relevant to genomics and other omics in date palm. Volume 1 consists of 11 chapters arranged in 3 parts grouped according to subject. Part I, Biology and Phylogeny, focuses on date palm biology, evolution and origin. Part II, Biodiversity and Molecular Identification, covers conformity of in vitro derived plants, molecular markers, barcoding, pollinizer genetics and gender determination. Part III, Genome Mapping and Bioinformatics, addresses genome mapping of nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, in addition to a chapter on progress made in date palm bioinformatics. This volume represents the efforts of 30 international scientists from 10 countries and contains 78 figures and 30 tables to illustrate presented concepts. Volume 2 is published under the title: Omics and Molecular Breeding.
This book presents research on volatiles produced by microbes and plants along with their biotechnological implications for sustainable agriculture. A greater understanding of how plants and microbes live together and benefit each other can provide new strategies to improve plant productivity, while at the same time helping to protect the environment and maintain global biodiversity. To date, the use of chemicals to enhance plant growth or induced resistance in plants has been limited due to the negative effects and the difficulty in determining the optimal concentrations to benefit the plant. The book discusses extensive studies on biological alternatives that avoid these problems, and the research presented suggests that these compounds could offer an environmentally sound means to better grow and protect plants under greenhouse or field conditions. To understand the nature of VOCs and gene expression profiling of plant genes responding against these compounds can be conducted. It is possible that VOCs produced by microbes while colonizing roots are generated at sufficient concentrations to trigger plant responses. In conclusion, positive or negative effects of VOCs on plant productivity will be dependent on upon specific VOCs microbial strain, plant genotype, and presence/absence of abiotic/biotic stresses