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The presence of snow on the ground can impose limitations on the mobility of wheeled and tracked vehicles. Snow depth and density are the two most easily measured snow properties that can be related to mobility over snow. Existing models of snowpack accumulation and ablation processes and models of internal snowpack structure were examined to determine if a model of the snowpack can be developed for use in predicting the snow parameters that affect mobility. Simple models, such as temperature index models, do not provide sufficient snowpack details, and the more detailed models require too many measured inputs. Components of the various models were selected from a basis of a snowpack model for predicting snow properties related to mobility over snow. Methods of obtaining the input data from some components are suggested, and areas where more development is needed are described.
The free water content of snow has been used in over-snow vehicle mobility studies only in a documentary manner. The free water content of snow is indicated by the terms dry, moist, wet, very wet, or slush. Throughout the range of conditions, the variation of free water obviously has a significant effect of the snow strength parameters used in vehicle performance evaluation. During a testing program this past winter (1983-1984) at the Keweenaw Research Center, which involved vehicles attempting to negotiate snow obstacles, free water content was measured and included as snow characterization data along with density, grain size, and snow temperature. Of particular interest to this paper was the difference in test results of two snow obstacles having the same classification of the two types of snow used to form the obstacles was measured, by calorimetry, to be 16% and 26%.
Terramechanics and Off-Road Vehicle Engineering, 3rd Edition provides comprehensive and in-depth coverage of terrain behavior, mechanics of wheel- and track-terrain interaction, and various types of models for cross-country performance, ranging from empirical, through theoretical, to physics-based engineering models. The physics-based models for wheeled and tracked vehicle performance developed under the direction of Prof. J.Y. Wong have been gaining increasingly wider acceptance by industry and government agencies around the world. The mathematical models established for vehicle-terrain systems will enable the engineering practitioner to evaluate, on a rational basis, a wide range of options and to select an appropriate vehicle configuration for any given mission and environment. This long-anticipated revision presents the fields' significant developments over the past decade, both through updates to existing chapters and the inclusion of new material related to modelling applications in addition to a notable, state-of-the-art excursus on extra-terrestrial rovers. - Provides a comprehensive introduction to the mechanics of vehicle-terrain interaction - Demonstrates through examples the application of computer-aided engineering methods to the parametric analysis of off-road vehicle performance - Covers the most recent advancements in the off-road vehicle industry, encompassing evaluation, design, development, and/or procurement of high-mobility equipment for the recreational, agricultural, construction, mining, military, and aerospace sectors