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Heavy oils, extra-heavy oils and tar sands are major players for the future of energy.They represent a massive world resource, at least the size of conventional oils. They are found all over the world but Canada and Venezuela together account, by themselves, for more than half of world deposits. They share the same origin as the lighter conventional oils, but their geological fate drove them into thick, viscous tar-like crude oils. Most of them result from alteration processes mediated by microbial degradation. They are characterized by a low content of lighter cuts and a high content of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds and metals ; so, their production is difficult and deployment of specific processes is required in order to enhance their transportability and to upgrade them into valuable products meeting market needs, and honouring environmental requirements.Although these resources are increasingly becoming commercially producible, less than 1% of total heavy crude oil deposits worldwide are under active development. The voluntarily wide scope of this volume encompasses geology, production, transportation, upgrading, economics and environmental issues of heavy oils. It does not pretend to be exhaustive, but to provide an authoritative view of this very important energy resource.
Rely on the #1 Guide to Pump Design and Application-- Now Updated with the Latest Technological Breakthroughs Long-established as the leading guide to pump design and application, the Pump Handbook has been fully revised and updated with the latest developments in pump technology. Packed with 1,150 detailed illustrations and written by a team of over 100 internationally renowned pump experts, this vital tool shows you how to select, purchase, install, operate, maintain, and troubleshoot cutting-edge pumps for all types of uses. The Fourth Edition of the Pump Handbook features: State-of-the-art guidance on every aspect of pump theory, design, application, and technology Over 100 internationally renowned contributors SI units used throughout the book New sections on centrifugal pump mechanical performance, flow analysis, bearings, adjustable-speed drives, and application to cryogenic LNG services; completely revised sections on pump theory, mechanical seals, intakes and suction piping, gears, and waterhammer; application to pulp and paper mills Inside This Updated Guide to Pump Technology • Classification and Selection of Pumps • Centrifugal Pumps • Displacement Pumps • Solids Pumping • Pump Sealing • Pump Bearings • Jet Pumps • Materials of Construction • Pump Drivers and Power Transmission • Pump Noise • Pump Systems • Pump Services • Intakes and Suction Piping • Selecting and Purchasing Pumps • Installation, Operation, and Maintenance • Pump Testing • Technical Data
Covering recent developments in maritime transportation and exploitation of sea resources, encompassing ocean and coastal areas, this book is intended for academics and professionals involved in the development of marine transportation and the exploitation of sea resources.
Written by an experienced engineer, this book contains practical information on all aspects of pumps including classifications, materials, seals, installation, commissioning and maintenance. In addition you will find essential information on units, manufacturers and suppliers worldwide, providing a unique reference for your desk, R&D lab, maintenance shop or library.* Includes maintenance techniques, helping you get the optimal performance out of your pump and reducing maintenance costs * Will help you to understand seals, couplings and ancillary equipment, ensuring systems are set up properly to save time and money * Provides useful contacts for manufacturers and suppliers who specialise in pumps, pumping and ancillary equipment
Prepared by industry experts from the pump, motor and drive industries under the auspices of Europump and the Hydraulic Institute, this reference book provides a comprehensive guide to variable speed pumping.It includes technical descriptions of pumping systems and their components, and guides the reader through the evaluation of different speed control options.Case studies help illustrate the life cycle cost savings and process improvements that appropriate variable speed pumping can deliver.·Authoritative, global reference to Variable Speed Pumping, by Europump and the Hydraulic Institute·Combines the technical knowledge of pump, motor and control systems in one guide·Brings together all the concepts, metrics and step-by-step decision-making support you need to help you decide which VSD strategies are most appropriate·Will help you design and specify pumping applications that minimise life-cycle costs
Hydrodynamics of Pumps is a reference for pump experts and a textbook for advanced students. It examines the fluid dynamics of liquid turbomachines, particularly pumps, focusing on special problems and design issues associated with the flow of liquid through a rotating machine. There are two characteristics of a liquid that lead to problems and cause a significantly different set of concerns than those in gas turbines. These are the potential for cavitation and the high density of liquids, which enhances the possibility of damaging, unsteady flows and forces. The book begins with an introduction to the subject, including cavitation, unsteady flows and turbomachinery, basic pump design and performance principles. Chapter topics include flow features, cavitation parameters and inception, bubble dynamics, cavitation effects on pump performance, and unsteady flows and vibration in pumps - discussed in the three final chapters. The book is richly illustrated and includes many practical examples.