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The origin of Aerodynamic Design of Transport Aircraft stems from the time when the author was appointed part-time professor in the Aerospace Faculty of Delft University of Technology. At the time his main activities were those of leading the departments of Aerodynamics, Performance and Preliminary Design at Fokker Aircraft Company. The groundwork for this book started in 1987 as a series of lecture notes consisting mainly of pictorial material with a minimum of English explanatory text. After the demise of Fokker in 1996 one feared that interest in aeronautical engineering would strongly diminish. As a result of this, the course was discontinued and the relationship between the author and the faculty came to an end. Two years later the situation was reappraised, and the interest in aeronautical engineering remained, so the course was reinstated with a former Fokker colleague Ronald Slingerland as lecturer. The lecture notes from these courses form the foundation of this publication.
An aerodynamic investigation has been conducted in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel to determine the effects of taper-in-thickness on the aerodynamics characteristics of wings having 35 and 45 degrees of sweep-back, aspect ratio 6, and taper ratio 0.60. The wings were tapered from NACA 65A009 airfoil sections at the root chord to NACA 65A003 airfoil sections at the tip chord. The test Mach number range was from 0.60 to 1.14 at a Reynolds number of the order of 500,000.
Lift, pitching-moment, and pressure distribution were measured on a wing which was swept -40, -30, 0, 35, and 45 degrees. The wing span was decreased to give aspect ratios 6.8, 5.3, 4.2, 3.4, and 2.8. The effects of independent variations of sweep and aspect ratio on the lift, pitching-moment, and span-load characteristics of the wings are compared with the effects estimated by use of the Weissinger method.
The addition of the body to the plane wing increased the exposed wing loading at a given lift coefficient as much as 10 percent with the body at 0 degrees incidence and 4 percent at 4 degrees incidence. The bending-moment coefficients at the wing-body juncture were increased about 2 percent with the body at 0 degrees incidence, whereas the increases were as much as 10 percent with the body at 4 degrees incidence.